Behind the multiple arguments for and against the use of premedication, sedative drugs in children is a noble principle that of minimizing psychological trauma related to anesthesia and surgery. However, several confounding factors make it very difficult to reach didactic evidence-based conclusions. One of the key confounding issues is that the nature of expectations and responses for both pare...

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effects of hydromorphone, hydromorphone and glycopyrrolate, medetomidine, and butorphanol premedication on the difficulty and time required to pass an endoscope into the stomach and duodenum of cats anesthetized with ketamine and isoflurane. DESIGN Randomized complete block crossover study. ANIMALS 8 purpose-bred adult female cats. PROCEDURES Each cat was premedi...

Using Ridit analysis, a comparison was made of the overall effects of what are generally considered to be equianalgesic doses of sixteen opiates, with respect to their desired and toxic effects when given as premedication to a standard population. Four mixtures of opiates, the non-opiate diazepam and saline were also included in the analysis. Results with all individual drugs have been previous...

PURPOSE This phase I infusion rate escalation trial was undertaken to evaluate the maximum applicable infusion rate for rituximab without steroid premedication in patients having received one previous rituximab infusion. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Cohorts of at least three patients were assigned to rituximab with or without concomitant chemotherapy. The initial infusion rate was 200 mg/h in the firs...

Dexmedetomidine (DEX) is currently being used as a premedication for anxiolysis, an adjunctive drug both during and after surgery adjunct to attenuate emergence agitation, postoperative pain, shivering. It alpha-2 agonist which 8 times more potent than clonidine also has sympatholytic effects1. in central neraxial blocks enhance the quality prolong duration of block2,3. Its use peripheral nerve...

BACKGROUND To compare oral midazolam (0.5 mg/kg) versus oral clonidine (4 μg/kg) as a premedication in pediatric patients aged between 2-12 years with regard to sedation and anxiolysis. METHODS Sixty pediatric patients belonging to the American Society of Anesthesiologists class I and II between the age group of 2-12 years scheduled for elective surgery were randomly allocated to receive eith...

More elderly patients now undergo gastrointestinal endoscopy following recent advances in endoscopic techniques. In this study, we conducted a high-risk survey of endoscopies in Japan, using a questionnaire administered prior to upper gastrointestinal tract endoscopy (UGITE), and identified anticholinergic agents and glucagon preparations as high-risk premedication. We also evaluated the cardio...

CO(2) administration is a common euthanasia method for research mice, yet questions remain regarding whether CO(2) euthanasia is associated with pain and stress. Here we assessed whether premedication with acepromazine, midazolam, or anesthetic induction with isoflurane altered behavioral and physiologic parameters that may reflect pain or stress during CO(2) euthanasia. Mice were assigned to ...

BACKGROUND Anti-inflammatory drugs, NSAIDs, have become an important part of the pain management in day surgery. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of Coxib premedication on the intra-operative anaesthetic requirements in patients undergoing elective ankle surgery in general anaesthesia. TYPE OF STUDY Prospective, randomized study of the intra-operative anaesthetic-sparin...

Background. Our objective was to test the effectiveness of a local anesthetic line block administered before surgery in reducing postoperative pain scores in dogs undergoing ovariohysterectomy (OVHX). Methods. This study is a prospective, randomized, blinded, clinical trial involving 59 healthy female dogs. An algometric pressure-measuring device was used to determine nociceptive threshold, and...