background: the prevalence of anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ancas) and anti-cardiolipin antibodies (anti-cl ab) in behcet’s disease (bd) and also their roles in vascular involvement is controversial. objective: to assess the prevalence of ancas and anti-cl ab as well as their correlations with clinical manifestations in iranian patients with bd. methods: in this case/control study, th...

malaria is the second most frequent clinically suspected disease entity after acute respiratory tract infection in developing countries. active malarial transmission occurs throughout the year, while aggressive out bursts of disease are seen mainly during and after the 'monsoon' season. this study aimed to determine the morbidity and mortality associated with malaria during flood at isra univer...

introduction: diarrhea is one of the most common symptoms treated in general practice and gastroenterology. an estimated 1.7 billion cases of diarrhea are reported annually. anxious and emotional persons are more sensitive to digestive problems. anxious persons may feel their heartbeat and perceive their intestinal motility and spasm, and this may cause them more concern. case presentation: in ...

t lymphocytes that are involved in cellular mediated immunity include two types known as tcd8+ (cytotoxic t lymphocytes) and tcd4+ (helper t lymphocytes). tcd4+ has four main subtypes, including th1, th2, th17, and treg lymphocytes.th17 lymphocytes play a role in defense against microbes that th1 and th2 lymphocytes have not the ability to respond to them. the most important cytokines, which ar...

idiopathic lobular panniculitis, sometimes called relapsing febrile nodular panniculitis or weber christian disease first desribed in 1892 by pfeifer, is the term used to describe an group of disease that present as subcutaneous inflammatory nodules and histologically display an inflammatory focus primarily within the fat lobules. weber-christian disease is the term applied to idiopatic cases o...

ôbjective: previous studies reported that individuals with parkinson’s disease are less likely to have smoking history and it seems that nicotine has a neuroprotective effect. the authors have conducted a case-control retrospective study to determine if there is an association between cigarette smoking and parkinson’s disease. methods: ïn a matched case-control study, 92 individuals with parkin...

a hydatid cyst is a zoonotic infection caused by the larval forms of mostly the echinococcus granulosus. in humans, the most common site of cyst development is the liver (60%), followed by the lungs (20%), and much less commonly in other organs such as kidney, spleen, brain, and other soft tissues. the localization of cysts in muscles and subcutaneous is very rare. we report a case of 38-year-o...

conclusions since parents’ behaviors affect their children, it is advisable to implement effective interventional programs to increase parents’ awareness about smoking and its harmful environmental effects. results results of the study showed that 76.4% of children knew what a cigarette is; 41.2% had talked about smoking with their parents; 1.4% had asked to buy one due to the attractive appear...

background: newcastle disease virus (ndv) is the causativeagent of the newcastle disease (nd), a highly contagiousdisease in birds that causes significant economic losses to thepoultry industry worldwide. nd is endemic in iran and outbreaksare reported regularly in commercial poultry flocks and differentspecies of birds. objectives:the current study was carried outto characterize ndv based on p...

on june 2005, a respiratory disease was observed in the chickens of a large broiler farm in kermanshahprovince, west of iran. relatively severe respiratory signs started with sneezing at 27 days of age. thedisease lasted up to the end of fattening period and accompanied by increased mortality (13.6%). at postmortemexamination, tracheitis, airsacculitis and pneumonia were obvious. serologic exam...