1. Most models of thermal adaptation ignore biotic interactions, and those that do consider biotic interactions assume that competitors or predators cannot respond to adaptation by the focal species. Nevertheless, real biotic interactions involve responsive entities, which can be more accurately modelled using evolutionary game theory. 2. We present a two-part analysis of a thermal game between...

A stage structure is incorporated into a prey-predator model in which predators are split into immature predators and mature predators. It is assumed that immature predators are raised by their parents in the sense that they cannot catch the prey and their foods are provided by parents. Further, it is assumed that the maturation rate of immature predators is a function of the food availability ...

Recent advances highlight the potential for predators to restore ecosystems and confer resilience against globally threatening processes, including climate change and biological invasions. However, releasing the ecological benefits of predators entails significant challenges. Here, we discuss the economic, environmental and social considerations affecting predator-driven ecological restoration ...

Communicating information about the specific features of potential predators to conspecifics may be adaptive if the predators differ in the degree of threat they represent. Although there has been considerable research on alarm signaling in response to different classes of predators (i.e., aerial vs. terrestrial), few studies have addressed whether animals distinguish among different predators ...

Objective: Metabolic syndrome changes in different ethnic and age group. Trace elements are associated with metabolic syndrome. The present study was aimed to assess the serum levels of iron, zinc, and copper in Gorgan and their association with the metabolic syndrome components. Methods: The present study was carried out in the Metabolic Disorders Research Center of Gorgan Faculty of Medicine....

Evolutionary isolation from predators can profoundly influence the morphology, physiology, and behavior of prey, but little is known about how species respond to the loss of only some of their predators. We studied antipredator behavior of tammar wallabies (Macropus eugenii) and western gray kangaroos (Macropus fuliginosus) on Kangaroo Island (KI), South Australia, and at Tutanning Nature Reser...

In a large behavioral experiment we reconstructed the evolution of behavioral responses to predators to explore how interactions with predators have shaped the evolution of their prey's behavior. All Enallagma damselfly species reduced both movement and feeding in the presence of coexisting predators. Some Enallagma species inhabit water bodies with both fish and dragonflies, and these species ...

Kid kidney cells form less than 2 months of age were grown, 80% confluent monolayers were obtained after 10-12 days. Live attenuated goat pox virus vaccine (Gorgan 55, Iranian) was used to infect the confluent monolayers. Eighty percent cytopethic effect (CPE) was obtained on day 5 of virus inoculation. TCID50 calculated for the pool virus was 10 / ml. Vaccine was found free from any bacterial ...

İslam Tarihi ve Medeniyetinde önemli bir yere sahip olan Cürcân, Hazar Denizi’nin güney doğusunda yer almaktadır. Cürcân şehri; jeopolitik konumu, limanı, verimli sulak arazileri İpek Yolu güzergâhında olması hasebiyle daima cazibe merkezi olmuştur. Net olmamakla beraber geçmişi çok eski tarihlere dayanan şehirde önceleri farklı mahalli hanedanlıklar hüküm sürmüştür. İlk defa Hz. Ömer’in hilafe...