Abstract In most jurisdictions, the burden of producing evidence on a contested issue traditionally falls plaintiffs. tort claim, this de facto creates presumption non-negligence in favor injurers. Some legal systems Europe placed renewed attention “presumed liability” rules, which instead create negligence against paper, we analyze effects alternative presumptions parties’ care incentives pres...

background: because dental staff members are in continuous contact with blood and contaminated fluids of patients, they are considered as a high risk group. their knowledge about standard precautions is thus important in preventing infectious diseases such as hepatitis and human immunodeficiency virus (hiv). the purpose of this study was to estimate the injuries that occur in dental staff and t...

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