Vaccine uptake may be predicted in large part by whether or not vaccinations are accepted. This has ramifications for public health since unvaccinated people more likely to get illnesses that vaccines can prevent. Our purpose conducting this systematic literature review was analyse parents commitment the childs vaccination schedule.We conducted a comprehensive search studies published between J...

The World Health organization has recommended childhood immunization with Teatuns vaccine (or TT containing vaccines) with a 5 doses schedule [1]. This included a 3 doses in infancy as DPT, followed by booster at 4-7 year and another dose at 12-15 years of age [1]. However, the national immunization schedule in Universal Immunization Program (UIP) in India, recommends at least 7 doses of Tetanu...

Seroconversion to cytomegalovirus (CMV) occurs in 1-4% of pregnant women. The majority of these women are seropositive prior to pregnancy. In 0.2-2.5% of the newborn infants, there is evidence of intrauterine infection, most of them are born without any clinical findings. The typical clinical symptoms of congenital CMV (symptomatic congenital CMV) that are found in 10-20% of infected neonates i...

Currently, there is no licensed Shigella vaccine; however, various promising live-attenuated vaccine candidates have emerged, including CVD1208S (ΔguaBA, Δset, Δsen S. flexneri 2a), which was shown to be safe and immunogenic in Phase 1 clinical trials. Here, we report the immune responses elicited in an outpatient Phase 2 clinical trial in which subjects were vaccinated with CVD 1208S. Oral imm...

Antimicrobial memory CD8+ T cell responses are not readily expanded by either repeated infections or immunizations. This is a major obstacle to the development of T cell vaccines. Prime-boost immunization with heterologous microbes sharing the same CD8+ epitope can induce a large expansion of the CD8+ response; however, different vectors vary greatly in their ability to boost for reasons that a...

Experimental autoimmune uveitis (EAU) in the Lewis rat has been regarded as an acute and monophasic disease. Uveitis can be induced by immunization with retinal soluble antigen (S-Ag), interphotoreceptor retinoid-binding protein (IRBP) or their peptide derivatives (PDSAg from S-Ag and R14 from IRBP) in CFA as well as by the transfer of activated, antigen-specific T cells. Previously, it has bee...

Live-vector human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) vaccines are an integral part of a number of HIV vaccine regimens currently under evaluation that have yielded promising results in pre-clinical testing. In this report, a non-pathogenic protozoan parasitic vector, Leishmania tarentolae, which shares common target cells with HIV-1, was used to express full-length HIV-1 Gag protein. Immunization of ...

Each year, CDC's Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) reviews the recommended childhood and adolescent immunization schedule to ensure that it is current with changes in manufacturers' vaccine formulations and contains revised recommendations for the use of licensed vaccines, including those newly licensed. The recommended childhood immunization schedule for 2003 has remained the...

Memory formation is the most important aspect of a vaccine which can guarantee long-lasting immunity and protection. The main aim of the present study was to evaluate the memory immune responses after immunization with a mini vaccine. Mice were immunized with human immunodeficiency virus-1 P24-Nef fusion peptide and then cellular and humoral immune responses were evaluated. In order to determin...

Immunization of healthy volunteers with chloroquine ChemoProphylaxis and Sporozoites (CPS-CQ) efficiently and reproducibly induces dose-dependent and long-lasting protection against homologous Plasmodium falciparum challenge. Here, we studied whether chloroquine can be replaced by mefloquine, which is the only other licensed anti-malarial chemoprophylactic drug that does not affect pre-erythroc...