For the Intentionalist, utterance content is wholly determined by a speaker’s meaning-intentions; sentence uttered serves merely to facilitate audience’s recovering these intentions. We argue that Intentionalists ought be Particularists, holding only “principles” of meaning recovery needed are those governing inferences best explanation; both defeasible and, in sense elaborated, variable. discu...

The main aim of the work presented here is to demonstrate that certain contextual information, traditionally considered to be beyond the scope of semantic representations, can be formalised sufficiently to allow its use in natural language generation (NLG) decisions, in particular syntactic choice. This ‘pragmatic’ information, where the term pragmatic is interpreted as indicating any reference...

this study explores the use of the english locution i love you in the american context. the data were collected through a focus discussion group and a survey questionnaire. 120 college undergraduate students from a large public american university participated in the study with 28 attending the focus discussion group and 92 completing the survey questionnaire. the findings indicated that the us...

this study explores the use of the english locution i love you in the american context. the data were collected through a focus discussion group and a survey questionnaire. 120 college undergraduate students from a large public american university participated in the study with 28 attending the focus discussion group and 92 completing the survey questionnaire. the findings indicated that the us...

It is substantiated that particular features of pragmatics are teachable, and instruction is both necessary and effective. Determining what kind of intervention is most effectual for facilitating learners’ pragmatic development has been a central issue for researchers. To respond to the inconclusive findings in intervention studies and to extend the instructional studies in L2 pragmatics to les...

Better understanding of the interrelationship between the brain’s structural architecture and functional processing is one of the leading questions in today’s integrative neuroscience. Non-invasive imaging techniques have revealed as major contributing tools to this endeavor, which obviously requires the cooperation of space and time-resolved experimental evidences. Electromagnetic brain mappin...

This  study  examined  the  effects  of  individual  difference  (ID)  factors  on  changing  pragmatic abilities  among  L2  learners  of  English.  Participants  were  48  Japanese  EFL  students  in  an English-medium  university  in  Japan.  They  completed  a  pragmatic  speaking  test  (k=12)  that assessed  their  ability  to  produce  two  speech  acts:  requests  and  opinions,  in  hi...

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This paper is concerned with the conceptual foundations of pragmatic reasoning (context-dependent reasoning). A general pragmatic semantics (a semantic analysis which includes a pragmatic parameter) is given for pragmatic reasoning, the logical properties of the various forms of pragmatic reasoning are discussed, as are many examples. The semantic pragmatics (the general study of choosing or in...

Non-standard spellings in text messages often convey extra pragmatic information not found in the standard word form. However, text message normalization systems that transform non-standard text message spellings to standard form tend to ignore this information. To address this problem, this paper examines the types of extra pragmatic information that are conveyed by non-standard word forms. Em...