Mailing Address: Leonardo A. M. Zornoff • Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu, Rubião Júnior. Postal Code 18618-000, Botucatu, SP – Brazil E-mail: [email protected] Manuscript received September 21, 2012; manuscript revised September 21, 2012; accepted September 21, 2012.

Clinical epidemiology, the what, was introduced by John Paul in 1938, as a new basic science for preventive medicine. Its definition subsequently took on a more bedside tone, but continues to be adapted to the needs of its practitioners. Clinical epidemiology, the who, centers on Alvan Feinstein and the way that he led the field and nurtured so many of its practitioners. Clinical epidemiology, ...

"Uncertainty" is the ongoing realization that we cannot predict the future, and "surprise" reminds us lest we forget. Despite the fact that uncertainty is an undeniable fact of everyday experiences, in particular when providing care to patients, it is ignored and under-evaluated scientifically. Understandably and appropriately, medical science seeks knowledge, certainty, and prediction; however...

INTRODUCTION Repeatability of experiments is an important criterion of modern research and a major challenge for homeopathic basic research. There is no recent overview about basic research studies in high homeopathic potencies that have been subjected to laboratory-internal, multicenter or independent repetition trials. METHODS We considered biochemical, immunological, botanical, cell biolog...

This paper aims to highlight ways in which basic research findings in the field of childhood and adolescent depression can help to inform and refine preventive intervention efforts. We selectively review basic research evidence from community, clinical, and high-risk populations that identifies cognitive mechanisms (thought processes and reactions to negative affect) and emotional regulation as...

Deciding to “leave the bench” and basic research after committing many, many years to graduate school is not an easy thing to do. There is real pressure from peers, principal investigators (PIs), even parents, to stick it out and follow a more established career path, either to academia or the biotech industry. In my case, I realized fairly early on in graduate school that the traditional optio...

Contrary to popular opinion, atherosclerosis is not a disease unique to modern civilization. In fact, atherosclerotic lesions have been found in the arteries of mummies dating back to 1,500 B.C., and yet our understanding of this complex process is still evolving. A fusion of basic science advances and clinical research findings has radically altered our traditional concepts about the pathogene...

Accepted for publication 23 September 1994 The science of molecular cell biology has advanced dramatically over the last century and in the last decade this has had important implications for medical research particularly for oncology, microbiology, immunology, and inherited genetic diseases. Globally, the oncological sciences have the most resources devoted to them including specialist scienti...

Clinical trials are key to translating scientific advances into progress in cancer research and care. Confronted by developments in basic science, the landscape of clinical cancer research is rapidly evolving. Here, we review recent changes in clinical trials' design and conduct, and we forecast future directions toward personalized and global impact.

The competition for funds to conduct clinical research is intense, and only a minority of grant proposals receive funding. In particular, funding for patient-oriented research lags behind that allocated for basic science research. Grant writing is a skill of fundamental importance to the clinical researcher, and conducting high-quality clinical research requires funds received through successfu...