We establish a rigorous time-dependent density functional theory of classical fluids for a wide class of microscopic dynamics. We obtain a stationary action principle for the density. We further introduce an exact practical scheme, to obtain hydrodynamical effects in density evolution, that is analogous to the Kohn-Sham theory of quantum systems. Finally, we show how the current theory recovers...

The paper has the information about model and working of electromagnetic rail gun. basic idea study is Lorentz Principle applications this principle. can be translated as simple a loop which made from current carrying wire studying properties in an external magnetic field. Although applying on practical system its own difficulties necessities. These necessities are discussed paper. concept laun...

A versatile new anaesthetic machine embodying a ventilator with automatic and manual closed circuits, and with provision for semi-open circuits is described. The ventilator follows the principle of volume and time cycling and generally requires only a low flow of fresh gases (about 2 l./min). It is based on the original Smith-Clarke intermittent positive/ negative pressure respirator and is bot...

The confocal microscope, based on the principle of confocal imaging, is a recently introduced and invaluable tool for high-resolution fluorescence microscopy. It has gained popularity in the scientific and industrial communities since its inception. Although the application of confocal microscopes in dentistry started as early as 1994, the practical usage of this device in our country is just g...

This paper presents an extension of the maximum entropy principle method (MEP), named the extended MEP (EMEP), as a general and practical method for estimating directional wave spectra. Since the EMEP is formulated to consider errors in the cross-power spectra, it proves to be an accurate, reliable, and robust method against such errors. In addition, we also examine the EMEP using numerical sim...

This paper aims at applying a fuzzy arithmetic of intervals calculus and fuzzy quantities to automatic control. This one called φ–calculus fuzzy arithmetic is more practical than the extension principle one and -cut based methods. It comes from a different representation of fuzzy numbers. The present paper follows up work in introducing. The present paper is interested in its use for a fuzzy in...

The 802.11 standard for wireless networks includes a Wired Equivalent Privacy (WEP) protocol, used to protect link-layer communications from eavesdropping and other attacks. We have discovered several serious security flaws in the protocol, stemming from misapplication of cryptographic primitives. The flaws lead to a number of practical attacks that demonstrate that WEP fails to achieve its sec...

Various properties of preferential election rules are described, including nine forms of monotonicity. It is shown that Condorcet’s principle is incompatible with many of them. Some progress is made towards the task of determining all maximal mutually compatible subsets of these properties. To that end, a survey is given of the monotonicity properties of many known single-seat preferential elec...

An elliptic obstacle problem is approximated by piecewise linear-nite elements with numerical integration on the penalty and forcing terms. This leads to diagonal nonlinearities and thereby to a practical scheme. Optimal error estimates in the maximum norm are derived. The proof is based on constructing suitable super and subsolutions that exploit the special structure of the penal-ization, and...