35 This paper describes research undertaken to establish plausible fuel-speed curves (FSC) for 36 hypothetical advanced powertrain vehicles. These FSC are needed to account for the effects of 37 congestion in long-term transportation scenario analysis considering fuel consumption and 38 emissions. We use the PERE fuel consumption model with real-world driving schedules and a 39 range of vehicle...

The power-split architecture is the most promising hybrid electric powertrain. However, a real advantage in energy saving while maintaining high performance can be achieved only by implementation of proper management strategy. This requires an optimized functional design before and comprehensive analysis powertrain losses after, which could rather challenging owing to constructive complexity tr...

Alternative powertrains for automotive applications aim at improving emissions and fuel economy. Lack of experience with these relatively new technologies makes them ideal applications for computer-based modeling and simulation studies. There is a variety of configurations, control strategies, and design variable choices that can be made. If mathematical models exist, rigorous optimization tech...

Safety, availability, and cost considerations can make performing thorough tests of embedded control devices using the complete system impractical. Hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) simulation is a real-time test technique used to test these devices more efficiently. During HIL test, the physical system that interfaces to an embedded control device is simulated on real-time hardware, and the outputs o...

Abstract Bicycles with electric pedal assist systems are becoming increasingly popular, increasing versatility, a range of intended areas use, and different design approaches for system realization. This paper deals the proposal novel modular drivetrain concept based on friction driving wheel, which brief outline is given. Desired performances law constraints average bicycle experience analysed...