high output power density VHF converter has become important in recent years. This output power density of the converter is experiencing an adverse effect resulted from the applied switching frequency. In addition, the frequency which is higher than 20 MHz will no longer be applicable on the discreet SMT technology hence lowers the output power density. Thus, further improvement on circuit anal...

Periodogram is a graph showing the power spectrum density (PSD) of a signal, having power by frequency (dB/Hz) in yaxis and frequency (Hz) in x-axis. In other words it shows the corresponding power of the frequency components of the signal. Abnormalities in electrocardiograms (ECGs) show different frequency components in their power spectrum density. In this paper power spectrum density of the ...

Note: All examples and explanations are based on the STM32L1xx, STM32F0xx, STM32F2xx STM32F4xx and STM32F3xx firmware libraries and reference manuals of STM32L1xx (RM0038), STM32F0xx (RM0091), STM32F2xx (RM0033), STM32F4xx (RM0090), STM32F37x (RM0313) and STM32F30x(RM0316). STM32 refers to Ultra Low Power Medium-density, Ultra Low Power High-density, F0, F2 and F4 series devices in this documen...

Taylor's law (TL), which states that variance in population density is related to mean density via a power law, and density-mass allometry, which states that mean density is related to body mass via a power law, are two of the most widely observed patterns in ecology. Combining these two laws predicts that the variance in density is related to body mass via a power law (variance-mass allometry)...

axial flux permanent magnet (afpm) machines are attractive candidates for electric vehicles (evs) applications due to their axial compact structure, high efficiency, high power and torque density. this paper presents general design characteristics of afpm machines. moreover, torque density of the machine which is selected as main objective function, is enhanced by using genetic algorithm (ga) a...

Two simple class-F NVI1VIIC power amplifiers are described using 0.7tm field-plated GaN HEMT devices. One circuit was designed for operation at 2.0 GHz and achieved a power-added-efficiency of 50%, 38 dBm output power, and 6.2 W/mm power density. A second circuit was designed at 2.8 GHz and achieved a PAE of 46% with 37 dBm output power and 7.0 W/mm power density.

Abstract: Class-F microwave monolithic integrated circuit (MMIC) power amplifiers (PA) fabricated in a GaN technology are reported. Field-plated GaN HEMT devices are used for highpower performance. Two MMICs are reported. The first class-F MMIC PA operating at 2.0GHz achieved a power-added efficiency (PAE) of 50% with 38dBm output power and 6.2W/mm power density. A second class-F PA operating a...

The power loss and electromagnetic energy density of a metamaterial consisting of arrays of wires and split-ring resonators are investigated. We show that a field energy density formula can be derived consistently from both the electrodynamic (ED) approach and the equivalent circuit (EC) approach. The derivations are based on the knowledge of the dynamical equations of the electric and magnetic...

Microbial desalination cells (MDCs) have  great potential as a cost-effective and green technology for simultaneous water desalination, organic matter removal and energy production. The aim of this study was to compare the performance of a MDC under batch and continuous feeding conditions. Hence, power and current output, coulombic efficiency, electron harvest rate, desalination rate and COD re...

In this paper we are studying the power line channel noise in the frequency domain. The noise is measured using a spectrum analyzer. The channel noise profile is essential when OFDM is applied. Moreover, noise measurements are statistically processed in order to extract the probability density functions of the noise power for more than 120 different frequencies in the frequency range 1.15MHz-30...