We present a mobile device for the quantification of the small-scale (a few square meters) spatial variability in the surface energy balance components and several auxiliary variables of short-statured (<1 m) canopies. The key element of the mobile device is a handheld four-component net radiometer for the quantification of net radiation, albedo and infrared surface temperature, which is comple...

i List of Illustrations iv List of Abbreviations v Introduction The Puzzle of State Failure 1 Posing the Problem 1 Available Answers 2 The Argument in Brief 4 The Organisation of the Thesis 5 Chapter One A Model for Understanding State Failure 7 The Conceptual and Analytical Challenge of Failed States 7 Conceptualising the Failed State 8 Existing Explanations for State Failure 11 Modelling Stat...

Observable and Unobservable Household Sharing Rules: Evidence from Young Couples' Pocket Money The leading evidence against the unitary household models is that "who gets what" is significantly dependent upon "who earns how much." However, it is difficult to pin down the causal effect of relative earnings on intra-household resource allocation because households jointly decide both labor supply...

José Clavijo y Fajardo’s satirical allegory, El tribunal de las damas, certainly fulfils the great Roman satirist Horace’s utili dulci dictum, so prized by Spain’s neoclassicists, on the importance of literature’s being both entertaining and instructive. Its witty representation of the age-old debate about the balance of power between the sexes, in the form of a court-room battle over the intro...

Intervention often does not lead to peace, but rather to prolonged con ict. Indeed, we document that it is an important source of prolonged con icts. We introduce a theoretical model of the balance of power to explain why this should be the case and to analyze how peace can be achieved: either a cold peace between hostile neighbors or the peace of the strong dominating the weak. Nonintervention...

This paper detects the disturbing loads in distorted and/or un-balanced three phase three wire power system. It is based on the simultaneous measurement of four non-active power quantities, which are found on the IEEE Std. 1459-2000 method. It allows, achieving better knowledge of the power system when both harmonic distortion and un-balance are present. The proposed method requires only the fu...

For coal-fired power plants information of the moisture content in the coal is important to determine and control the dynamical behavior of the power plants. E.g. a high moisture content in the coal can result in a decreased maximum load gradient of the plant. In this paper a method for estimating the moisture content of the coal is proposed based on a simple dynamic energy model of a coal mill...

This brief proposes a new algorithm to synthesize low power bipartition-codec architecture for pipelined circuits. The bipartition-codec architecture has been introduced as an effective power reduction technique for circuit design. The entropy-based partition-codec (ENPCO) algorithm extends this approach as it optimizes for both: power and area. It uses entropy as a criterion to balance between...

This work aims to enhance the ability of a direct current (DC) microgrid to guarantee the power supply without interruptions by considering the dynamic efficiency of each power converter in the power balance. Previous works show that the converter efficiency varies according to the instant power. If the variable efficiency of the converters in the microgrid is not considered, some extra power m...