A curvilinear pattern among a series of visual items (e.g., dots) can be regarded as a kind of probabilistic inference, in which each consecutive angle, regarded independently, is more nearly collinear than would be expected by chance alone. This paper investigates judgments of curvilinearity as a function of the joint distribution of successive inter-dot angles. Subjects were asked to classify...

Human-caused climate change is happening; nearly all climate scientists are convinced of this basic fact according to surveys of experts and reviews of the peer-reviewed literature. Yet, among the American public, there is widespread misunderstanding of this scientific consensus. In this paper, we report results from two experiments, conducted with national samples of American adults, that test...

Data from published studies and World Wide Web sources were combined to develop a regression model to predict (137)Cs concentration ratios for saltwater fish. Predictions were developed from 1) numeric trophic levels computed primarily from random resampling of known food items and 2) K concentrations in the saltwater for 65 samplings from 41 different species from both the Atlantic and Pacific...

Several recent studies on both the development of counting and working-memory span tasks have provided results that could be interpreted as ruling out any cognitive resource model for counting. The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that, even in adults, counting is a demanding task that requires the allocation of cognitive resources. In a first experiment, we asked adults to count ar...

This study aimed to examine changes in physical education (PE) programs nationwide from 2006 to 2010 by analyzing the data reported in the Shape of the Nation published by the National Association for Sport and Physical Education. Means and standard deviations for numeric variables in the reports were computed. For categorical variables, percentages were calculated. Data were analyzed using the...

Motivated by the increasing energy consumption of supercomputing for weather and climate simulations, we introduce a framework for investigating the bit-level information efficiency of chaotic models. In comparison with previous explorations of inexactness in climate modelling, the proposed and tested information metric has three specific advantages: (i) it requires only a single high-precision...

(4) vn = vl + r». To c o n t i n u e , we need t h e fo l lowing d e f i n i t i o n s which a r e modeled a f t e r t h e n o t a t i o n of Hal ton [3] . The l e t t e r p w i l l always denote a r a t i o n a l p r ime . Vd^nAJtton I : v ( a , b9 p) i s t h e numeric of t h e PR u(a9 b) modulo p . I t i s the number of n o n r e p e a t i n g terms modulo p . Vt^AJbitiovi 2°> ] i (a , b9 p) ...

We use Quaternary stratigraphy to reconstruct landscape evolution and measure tectonic deformation of the Olympic Mountains section of the Pacifi c Northwest Coast Range. An important motivation for understanding orogenesis here, and throughout the Coast Range, is the concern about the relationship of active deformation to seismic hazards associated with the Cascadia subduction zone. There is a...

In industriellen Anforderungsdokumenten werden Aussagen hinsichtlich nichtfunktionaler Anforderungen häufig sehr vage formuliert. Äußerungen wie „Wir wollen ein leicht wartbares System“ machen eine Validation der Aussage schwierig und geben wenig Hilfestellung während der Systementwicklung. Typische Probleme mit solchen Aussagen sind, dass unklar ist, wie man ermittelt was Wartbarkeit für das S...

This study investigates the effects of negative affect on performance monitoring. EEG was acquired during a lateralized, numeric Stroop working memory task that featured task-irrelevant aversive and neutral pictures between stimuli. Performance accuracy showed a right-hemisphere advantage for stimuli that followed aversive pictures. Response-locked event-related potentials (ERPs) from accurate ...