Alfalfa is a perennial herbaceous forage legume that remarkably and negatively affected by monocropping. However, the contribution of changes in bacterial communities to soil sickness alfalfa have not been elucidated. Therefore, we investigated community structures response monocropped along chronosequence. Continuous cropping reduced alpha diversity altered structures, pH, total P available we...

pediatric mandibular fractures have been successfully managed in various ways. the use of a lingual splint is an option. this article presents a 4-year old boy who was treated by an alternative conservative method with a combination of an arch bar plus a lingual splint, circum-mandibular wiring and imf for the reduction, stabilization and fixation of a severely displaced bilateral man dibular b...

Background & Aims: supracondylar humerus fracture is one of the most common pediatric elbow fractures accounting for about 16% of the pediatric fractures. Loss of reduction is one of the complications after closed and percutaneous fixation. This research is aimed to investigate the factors involved in the loss of reduction. Method: In this descriptive study, the children with supracondylar hum...

background: the treatment of open tibial fractures is still an orthopaedic challenge and full of complications. in many cases the use of external fixator that has been known as a non-:union: machine is obligatory with a high incidence of pin track infection and other complications. the aim of this study was to compare the use of external fixation as a definite method for treatment of open tibia...

Background: Respiratory problems are common after long bone fractures. The objective of the present investigation is to evaluate the effect of early fixation of femoral shaft fracture on the incidence of respiratory problems. Methods: The results of early and late stabilization of femoral shaft fractures were studied in 150 patients. The patients were divided into two groups according to the st...