eight years of sacred defense of iran against saddam hussein's baath regime has been studied from different perspectives. meanwhile, western analysts also have discussed this war from their own point of view which can be important and worthy in its own turn. now that many years have passed from the termination of iraq war against iran, reviewing and analyzing this war can expose many negle...

For the last decades Iran has been playing significant role in Middle Eastern politics. Tehran’s rooted involvement Arab’s political environments provokes tensions and hostilities Arab-Iranian relations. The author believes that historical legacy of interactions still determined some important characteristics In this article investigates nationalism national building process Arab countries Iran...

Most poor people presently reside in rural areas. The are exposed to many risks while often lacking instruments manage them adequately, and so highly vulnerable. Nowadays sustainable development is a pillar focal point most discussions for betterment of conditions especially developing countries such as Iran. After Islamic revolution 1978, has been gotten very more attention comparison previous...

Over the coming decades, as we navigate the end of the fossil fuel era, probably soon to be known as the carbonaceous period in human development (or more evocatively, after Yusoff [2010], the period of ‘the economy of dead animality’), we can predict with some certainty that cities will be the locus for action for whatever emerges to replace it. This is not just a recognition that more than ha...