introduction: this study was conducted to evaluate prevalence and risk factors for diagnostic discordance for osteoporosis due to different t-scores of lumbar spine and femoral neck. methods: in this cross sectional study demographic, anthropometric and risk factors for osteoporosis were derived from a database on 3,039 post-menopausal women who underwent bone densitometry for the first time i...

As a result of estrogen deficiency in menopausal women various health problems occur. Disorders of central nervous system such as stroke and dementia due to Alzheimer’s disease are frequently encountered in menopausal women. Estrogen plays an important role in the maintenance of the dense network of neural fibres connecting one nerve cell to another, and in the synaptic activity facilitating co...

Hormone replacement therapy involves restoring estrogen (female hormone) to body when levels are diminished. Menopause is the most common cause of low estrogen levels. During menopause ovaries (glands that produce eggs and hormones) stop producing estrogen and body no longer menstruate. Women who have had their ovaries surgically removed have decreased levels of estrogen and experience the same...

BACKGROUND Classification of menopausal status is important for epidemiological and clinical studies as well as for clinicians treating midlife women. Most epidemiological studies, including the Study of Women's Health Across the Nation (SWAN), classify women based on self-reported bleeding history. METHODS The Women's Ischemia Syndrome Evaluation (WISE) study developed an algorithm using men...

BACKGROUND Reports of relationships between dietary fibre intake and breast cancer have been inconsistent. Previous cohort studies have been limited by a narrow range of intakes. METHODS Women who developed invasive breast cancer, 350 post-menopausally and 257 pre-menopausally, during 240,959 person-years of follow-up in the UK Women's Cohort Study (UKWCS) were studied. This cohort has 35,792...

The cost effectiveness of estrogen use in postmenopausal women was analyzed with use of data from the medical and epidemiologic literature. Risks of endometrial cancer, uterine bleeding, and gallbladder disease were weighed against benefits associated with relief of menopausal symptoms and with prevention of osteoporosis and consequent fractures. Net effects on life expectancy are probably smal...

OBJECTIVE Hormonal changes during menopausal transition are linked to physical and psychological symptoms' emergence. This study aims to explore if life events predict menopausal symptoms. METHODS This cross-sectional research encompasses a community sample of 992 women who answered to socio-demographic, health, menopause-related and lifestyle questionnaires; menopausal symptoms and life even...

This study reports the clinical effects in a group of post-menopausal women after 4 months of treatment with 2 mg micronized 17 beta-oestradiol (E2) in combination with different doses of micronized progesterone (50, 100 or 200 mg) for 25 days each month. The 30 participants were divided into three groups. All of the subjects tolerated the preparation well and obtained relief from their climact...

Xanthogranulomatous inflammation is a distinguished histopathological entity affecting several organs, predominantly the kidney and gallbladder. So far, only a small number of cases of xanthogranulomatous inflammation occurring in female genital tract have been described, most frequently affecting the endometrium and histologically characterized by replacement of endometrium by xanthogranulomat...