We propose a critique of normativism, defined as the idea that human thinking reflects a normative system against which it should be measured and judged. We analyze the methodological problems associated with normativism, proposing that it invites the controversial "is-ought" inference, much contested in the philosophical literature. This problem is triggered when there are competing normative ...

nowadays, right to environment, during constitutions, court decisions and administrative procedures, in internal public law have been identified and secured. the recognition of this right in public law is dependent on normative evolutions. with the promotion of the tight to environment in constitutional norms, we can speak about the real impact of the constitutionalization in contemporary publi...

We propose and demonstrate a methodology for building tractable normative intelligent tutoring systems (ITSs). A normative ITS uses a Bayesian network for long-term student modelling and decision theory to select the next tutorial action. Because normative theories are a general framework for rational behaviour, they can be used to both define and apply learning theories in a rational, and ther...

Starting from quasi-Wajsberg algebras (which are generalizations of Wajsberg algebras), whose regular sets are Wajsberg algebras, we introduce a theory of quasi-algebras versus, in parallel, a theory of regular algebras. We introduce the quasi-RM, quasi-RML, quasi-BCI, (commutative, positive implicative, quasi-implicative, with product) quasi-BCK, quasi-Hilbert and quasi-Boolean algebras as gen...

We present two defeasible logics of norm-propositions (statements about norms) that (i) consistently allow for the possibility of normative gaps and normative conflicts, and (ii) map each premise set to a sufficiently rich consequence set. In order to meet (i), we define the logic LNP, a conflictand gap-tolerant logic of norm-propositions capable of formalizing both normative conflicts and norm...

The paper discusses some recent developments in analysis of decision making under risk and uncertainty. First we present the expected utility theory and the basic assumptions of rationality. Second we discuss the critique that has been directed towards the expected utility theory. Next we present the alternative theories: regret theory, prospect theory and theory of stochastic preference. Final...