Understanding acoustic velocities of sedimentary deposits is crucial for realistic subsurface imaging. The rely on mineralogy, density, as well pore volume (porosity) and structure. In carbonate rocks, both depositional diagenetic histories exert a significant control these characteristics. order to determine this control, petrographic analysis (thin sections) associated with the content, grain...

Introduction: Mars atmospheric pCO2 levels between 4.5-3.8 Ga have commonly been estimated at 13 bar [1,2] based on the existence of fluvial features or sedimentary rocks on the surface of Mars. Most of the original atmospheric CO2 (90-95%) has been lost through impact erosion, sputtering processes associated with the solar wind and sequestration within the crust [3]. This has been correlated w...

A long-duration pumping test performed in the conduit of a mixed flow karst system (MFKS) is analyzed and interpreted. It constitutes a unique experiment of catchment wide response of a karst system, with drawdowns measured both in the pumped conduit and in the matrix. A modeling approach is proposed for this interpretation. The developed double continuum model consists of two reservoirs karst ...

tirgan formation with lower cretaceous age (barremian-aptian) in the kopet-dagh basin consists of carbonate and siliciclastic rocks (calcareous shale and sandstone) which conformably lay between siliciclastic rocks of shurijeh formation below, and marly sarcheshmeh formation at the top. in this study, tirgan formation in two stratigraphic sections of abgarm (77 m in thickness) and sirzar (46 m ...

the sorkh shale formation (lower triassic) crops out in parts of tabas block. this formation is composed of limestone, dolomite, sandstone, shale and gypsum. its lower contact with the permian rocks and its upper contact with the shotori formation is marked by distinct erosional unconformity. to determine the depositional environments of the sorkh shale formation, stratigraphic sections of goda...

The Beyşehir–Hoyran–Hadim Nappes crop out over 700 km from NW to SE. Above a regionally autochthonous Tauride carbonate platform the Beyşehir–Hoyran Nappes begin with a thrust sheet (c. 400 m) of mainly redeposited carbonates, quartzose sandstones and mudstones of Mid–Late Triassic age, interpreted as a proximal slope–base-of-slope succession. Above is a thrust sheet (c. 1 km) of Middle–Upper T...

Reflectance spectra of carbonate minerals in the shortwave infrared (SWIR) and thermal infrared (TIR) wavelength regions contain a number of diagnostic absorption features. The shape of these features depends on various physical and chemical parameters. To accurately identify carbonate minerals or rocks in pure and mixed form, it is necessary to analyze the effects of the parameters on spectral...

The Proterozoic eon is characterized by an unusual abundance of ferroan feldspathic rocks that range in composition from granite to quartz syenites to feldspathoid-bearing syenites. Three associations of ferroan rocks may be recognized on the basis of major element compositions: (1) metaluminous alkalic to alkali-calcic syenites and granites associated with anorthosites and iron-rich basaltic r...

Waters from an extensive sulfide-rich aquifer emerge in the Frasassi cave system, where they mix with oxygen-rich percolating water and cave air over a large surface area. The actively forming cave complex hosts a microbial community, including conspicuous white biofilms coating surfaces in cave streams, that is isolated from surface sources of C and N. Two distinct biofilm morphologies were ob...