A rare case of unilateral third head of sternocleidomastoid and an extra muscle – levator claviculae were determined unilaterally in a 70-year-old male cadaver during the routine dissections. In the left neck side, it was observed that the sternocleidomastoid muscle also had a third part in addition to known sternal and clavicular heads and levator claviculae muscle which arose from the posteri...

PURPOSE Although several reports of supernumerary orbital muscles related to the levator palpebrae superioris have been published, no case has been associated with congenital eyelid retraction. This report describes an apparent causal relationship between an accessory levator muscle slip and congenital eyelid retraction. METHODS Case report and literature review. RESULTS Release of the anom...

137 Received: December 29, 2008. Accepted: March 24, 2009. Corresponding author: Seong Ho Chang, M.D., Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Korea University, Anam Hospital, 126-1, Anam-dong 5ga, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 136-705, Korea. Tel: 82-2-920-5771, Fax: 82-2929-2936, E-mail: [email protected] Copyright c Korean Society of Anesthesiologists, 2009 cc This is an open-access article d...

Accidental removal of the lacrimal gland is a rare complication of ptosis surgery. We report two children who underwent large unilateral levator palpebrae superioris resections (LPSr). After surgery, both patients developed dry eye. Post-operatively, the parents of both patients noticed no tears in the affected eye when their child cried. Computed tomography proved the absence of the lacrimal g...

Introduction. Poor graft function is one of the most severe complications after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, which manifests as pancytopenia/cytopenia in blood count, with presence complete or incomplete donor chimerism. There are three entities weakness: 1. poor function: pancytopenia chimerism, 2. failure: incomplete, i.e., mixed chimerism and 3. rejection: progressive ...

Diameters of some white locomotor muscle fibers in the adult blue crab, Callinectes sapidus, exceed 500 microm whereas juvenile white fibers are <100 microm. It was hypothesized that aerobically dependent processes, such as metabolic recovery following burst contractions, will be significantly impeded in the large white fibers. In addition, dark aerobic fibers of adults, which rely on aerobic m...

OBJECTIVE To date, the evidence on pelvic floor injury in labor remains sketchy due to a lack of prospective studies comparing pelvic floor imaging before and after childbirth. We intended to define the incidence of major trauma to the pubovisceral muscle. METHODS A total of 61 nulliparous women were seen at 36-40 weeks of gestation in a prospective observational study. The assessment include...

OBJECTIVE To determine intrapartum risk factors associated with levator trauma as identified by ultrasound imaging. DESIGN A prospective observational study. SETTING Antenatal clinic of a tertiary hospital between May 2005 and February 2008. POPULATION Nulliparous women (n=488) in their first ongoing pregnancy. METHODS An interview and four-dimensional translabial ultrasound was carried...

OBJECTIVE To clarify whether the 'plane of minimal dimensions' of the levator hiatus on three-dimensional (3D) ultrasound accurately represents the minimal anatomical transverse hiatal dimension during a Valsalva maneuver. METHODS In this retrospective study of 3D transperineal ultrasound and magnetic resonance (MR) imaging, datasets from 19 female participants were used to measure the transv...