Diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma is a lethal brain cancer that arises in the pons of children. The median survival for children with diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma is less than 1 year from diagnosis, and no improvement in survival has been realized in more than 30 years. Currently, the standard of care for diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma is focal radiation therapy, which provides only tempor...

Copper-containing ferroxidase ceruloplasmin (Cp) forms binary and ternary complexes with cationic proteins lactoferrin (Lf) and myeloperoxidase (Mpo) during inflammation. We present an X-ray crystal structure of a 2Cp-Mpo complex at 4.7 Å resolution. This structure allows one to identify major protein-protein interaction areas and provides an explanation for a competitive inhibition of Mpo by C...

CP violation is observed to date only inK decays and is parameterizable by a single quantity ǫ. Because it is one of the least understood phenomena in the Standard Model and holds a clue to baryogenesis, it must be investigated further. Highly specialized searches in K decays are possible. Effects in B decays are much larger. In addition to the traditional Bd → J/ψKS , ππ asymmetries, CP violat...

A brief review of CP violation in K and B decays is given. While the observables ε and Re(ε/ε) describing CP violation in neutral K decays do not allow a powerful test of the CKM mechanism of CP violation, rare K → πνν decays and in particular the B-meson system are much more promising in this respect. After a brief look at the K system, selected aspects of CP-violating effects in B decays are ...

We present an improved measurement of CP-violating asymmetries in B 0 → π + π − decays based on a 78 fb −1 data sample collected at the Υ(4S) resonance with the Belle detector at the KEKB asymmetric-energy e + e − collider. We reconstruct one neutral B meson as a B 0 → π + π − CP eigenstate and identify the flavor of the accompanying B meson from its decay products. From the asymmetry in the di...

Brome mosaic virus (BMV) viron is a model system that has a small icosahedral capsid protein (CP) shell. It is well known that BMV is plant virus which is a member of the alpha virus-like superfamily group. These viruses have genetic material and nucleic acids (RNA) with a segmented positive-strand RNA that offers high levels of RNA synthesis and virus production in plants. BMV CP tightly regul...

The masses of quarks and leptons in units of mt are expressed in powers of σ = √ mc mt . The regularities found suggest specific mass matrices. They reproduce all masses and mixings in striking agreement with observation. A 90 relative phase angle between the off-diagonal elements of up and down quark matrices leads to a maximum magnitude for CP-violation and, for the phase angle γ of the unita...

Within the Standard Model, and if one assumes that soft rescattering effects are negligible, the CP asymmetry Adir CP(B → πK) is predicted to be very small and the ratio R = BR(Bd → πK)/BR(B → πK) provides a bound on the angle γ of the unitarity triangle, sin γ ≤ R. We estimate the corrections from soft rescattering effects using an approach based on Regge phenomenology, and find effects of ord...

Data indicate that ∆I=3/2 transitions account for 4.5–4.7% of both CP conserving and CP violating K→2π decays, as well as CP conserving radiative K→ππγ processes. Observed K→ππγ/ππ branching ratios are shown to scale near α/π or α/2π. The KLKS mixing angle φ and the semileptonic weak-rate asymmetry δ are reviewed, and theory is shown to be consistent with data. Also, K→2π ∆I=1/2 dominance is st...

It has recently been shown that a minimal SO(10) model with a single 10 and single 126 Higgs field breaking B-L symmetry predicts large solar and atmospheric mixings in agreement with observations if it is assumed that the neutrino mass obeys the type II seesaw formula. No additional symmetries need to be assumed for this purpose. Understanding CP violation in the renormalizable version of the ...