The main objective of this study was to investigate the characteristic properties lignin-modified bitumen with different lignin contents. first step characterization physicochemical and thermal kraft powder along determination its microstructure. This achieved by carrying out an elemental analysis, Gel Permeation Chromatography (GPC), Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA)/Derivative Thermogravimetry...

The ageing of bitumen is an inevitable phenomenon which still challenging to be characterised. This paper aims at evaluating the degrees comprehensively. There were six types being aged five levels for comparing purposes and multiple rheological tests by a DSR as well chemical test SARA (saturates, aromatics, resins asphaltenes) properties carried out. critical temperatures, G-R parameter nonre...

In order to improve the viscoelasticity of bitumen, several modifiers were compounded with it, including SBS, reclaimed rubber powder, tackifier, plasticizer, and oil stabilizer, produce High-viscosity High-elastic Modified Bitumen (HVE-MB). The various physical rheological properties bitumen evaluated using a number factors, such as dynamic viscosity at 60 °C, elastic recovery, penetration, so...

The increase use of crumb rubber in flexible pavements requires the better understanding of its effect on physical and rheological properties of rubberised bitumen binders. The performance properties of rubberised bitumen binder are influenced by the blending conditions and crumb rubber content. The main objective of this research is to investigate the effect of various crumb rubber content on ...

Undertaking a chronic inhalation study on bitumen fume presents a challenge in terms of generating sufficient amounts of representative fume. The objective of the study described in this and in previous publications was to collect sufficient fume and use this to develop a laboratory-generated exposure atmosphere, for use in chronic inhalation toxicity studies in rats that resembles, as closely ...

A new theoretical model based on the local composition concept (TNRF-mNRTL model) was proposed to express the short-range contribution of the excess Gibbs energy for the solutions containing polymer and electrolyte. This contribution of interaction along with the long-range contribution of interaction (Pitzer-Debye-Hückel equation), configurational entropy of mixing (Flory-Huggins relation)...

Bitumen is a commonly used material for road construction. According to environmental regulations, vegetable-based materials are applied for binder modification. Fluxed road bitumen containing a bio-flux oxidation product increases the consistency over time. The efficiency of crosslinking depends on the number of double bonds and their position in the aliphatic chain of fatty acid. The main goa...