Introduction The use of cut-outs in electron applicators make changes on output, isodose, and percentage depth dose (PDD) curves. These changes and electron beam dose distribution in the form of three-dimensional (3D) can be measured by gel dosimeters. Materials and Methods Dosimetry was performed with and without a square shield (6×6 cm2 field). The energies were 4, 9, and 16 MeV and phantom w...

Introduction: Bismuth-based nanoparticles having high atomic number and electron density, besides of being utilized as CT contrast agent, stand as a strongly proposed method for dose enhancement in radiotherapy. Embedded nanoparticle in polymer gel dosimeter poses the first step to assess the dose enhancement capability in nanoparticles. To this end, MAGICA gel dosimeter, whic...

Advanced radiation techniques such as intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) for complex geometries in which targets are close to organs at risk have been introduced in radiation therapy, creating a need for procedures that allow easy three-dimensional (3-D) measurement of dose for verification purposes. Polymer gels that change their material properties when irradiated have been suggested for...

Many kinds of stimuli-responsive polymer and gels have been developed and applied to biomimetic actuators or artificial muscles. Electroactive polymers that change shape when stimulated electrically seem to be particularly promising. In all cases, however, the mechanical motion is driven by external stimuli, for example, reversing the direction of electric field. On the other hand, many living ...

Introduction: Polymer gel dosimeters contain chemical materials sensitive to the radiation which are polymerized by the radiation as a function of absorbed dose. So information of spatial dose distribution can be extracted by imaging from irradiated gel. Among imaging techniques, computed tomography (CT) poses as an attractive method because of practical advantages such as acce...

Background: Radiation-sensitive polymer gels are among the most promising three-dimensional dose verification tools and tissue-like developed to date. Among the special features of this type of dosimeters, is be doped with other elements or chemicals which made them appropriate for investigating of dose enhancement with contrast agents, by high atomic number. Material and Methods: In this study...