Today there are many well-established computer models that are being used at different spatial and temporal scales to describe water, sediment, and P transport from diffuse sources. In this review, we describe how diffuse P models are commonly being used in the United States and Europe, the challenge presented by different temporal and spatial scales, and the uncertainty in model predictions. I...

Increasing water demand and water scarcity around the world requires the development of robust and efficient methods for water purification in the coming decades. Here, we report a photocatalytic water purification method using visible light (532 nm) utilizing 5 nm gold nanoparticles and their enhancement when attached on the surface of silica nanospheres as an inactive support to prevent nanop...

The objective of this article is to discuss the modeling and simulation of the motion of oil spots in the open sea, and the effect on the pollutant concentration when a polluted water pumping ship follows a pre–assigned trajectory to remove the pollutant. We assume here that the oil spots motion is due to the coupling of diffusion, the transport from the wind, sea currents and pumping process a...

Noble metal Ag nanoparticles with unique surface plasmon resonance property have attracted much attention recently in the field of photocatalysis. Based on the advantages of Ag nanoparticles and semiconductor CeO2, a novel plasmonic photocatalyst Ag-AgCl/CeO2 was prepared with a facile route. The as-prepared samples were characterized using scanning and transmission electron microscopy, X-ray p...

In this paper we describe the background, the concept and the current status of an international postgraduate course on the subject of integrated urban water systems. The course aims to overcome the typical fragmentation of the engineering curricula in that field. Hence, the objective is to give a comprehensive overview on the total urban water and pollutant cycle, thus hoping to provide the st...

Cadmium, a metal widely used in industrial processes, has been recognized to be a highly toxic and dangerous environmental pollutant. These excess amounts in addition to naturally occurring levels gradually build up to toxic levels causing damages to the biota of the aquatic ecosystem. The fresh water field crab, Paratelphusa hydrodromous is an important human food source in parts of South Indi...

Fog and rain water samples were collected at the same time in the Akita Hachimantai mountain range in northern Japan from June to September in 1998 and 1999. The various ion concentrations in these samples were analyzed, and the fog droplet sizes were measured for each fog event. As the fog droplet size increased, the ion concentration decreased. The slope of log-log plots of the concentration ...

In recent years there has been a significant increase in the development and application of ever more sophisticated multi-dimensional models for solving the hydrodynamic and constituent transport equations which govern the flushing of pollution. However, advanced numerical modelling techniques can sometimes be augmented by alternative mathematical approaches which use simplified analytical solu...

Solid-phase microextraction (SPME) coupled to high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) has been applied to the analysis of priority pollutant phenolic compounds in water samples. Two types of polar fibers [50 microm Carbowax-templated resin (CW-TPR) and 60 microm polydimethylsiloxane-divinylbenzene (PDMS-DVB)] were evaluated. The effects of equilibration time and ionic strength of samples ...

Advances in the visualization and prediction of turbulence are shedding new light on mass transfer in the turbulent boundary layer. These discoveries have important implications for many topics in environmental science and engineering, from the transport of earth-warming CO2 across the sea-air interface, to nutrient processing and sediment erosion in rivers, lakes, and the ocean, to pollutant r...