16 WINTER 1999 YMMETRY IS A FAMILIAR CONCEPT in art and design. In daily conversation, it usually refers to transformations in space, such as rotations of an object about an axis. In science, the word has a more general meaning and a profound significance, because its role in understanding the laws of Nature has been one of the dominant themes in physics. It figured heavily, for example, in muc...

JON FRAENKEL At first sight, the Pacific Islands seem like a graveyard for institutional determinist theories regarding the impact of electoral systems on party polarisation. Maurice Duverger’s well-known ‘sociological law’ was that first-past-the-post electoral rules tend to deliver two-party systems. Proportional representation (PR) systems were more loosely associated with multi-party settin...

All harmonization is not equal. When it comes to child labor, members of an economic or political union, and even their external critics and competitors, generally agree that constituent states should harmonize their laws. Mere trading partners agree to harmonize their copyright laws. There is less agreement about securities law, and much less about other subjects of domestic regulation, includ...

The debate about the authority of Supreme Court to examine Statutes and bylaws Political Parties against Law has become a problem in practice law Indonesia. This study aims analyze nature Court's political parties law. research is normative legal research. data collection technique used this literature study. analytical hermeneutic analysis method interpretation. results indicate that as public...

Abstract The expulsion of party members for the expression dissent is a common practice in democratic states around world, which can have momentous consequences individual parties and political system at large. In this article, we address question whether limitations on members’ free speech be defended normative grounds. Drawing conception that sees them as broader membership organisations allo...

A complete and explicit classification of all independent local conservation laws of Maxwell’s equations in four dimensional Minkowski space is given. Besides the elementary linear conservation laws, and the well-known quadratic conservation laws associated to the conserved stress-energy and zilch tensors, there are also chiral quadratic conservation laws which are associated to a new conserved...

Application of the Coase Theorem to marital bargaining suggests that shifting from a consent divorce regime to no-fault unilateral divorce laws should not affect divorce rates. Each iteration of the empirical literature examining the evolution of divorce rates across US states has yielded different conclusions about the effects of divorce law liberalization. I show that these results reflect a ...

BACKGROUND The last two decades have seen a growing trend towards the research of voting behavior in post-communist countries. Urban sociology theorists state that not only space structures influence political participation, but also space structures are changing under the influence of global, local, and individual factors. The growing role played by information in the globalised world has acce...