the collapse of the soviet :union: in 1991, and the transformation of the old security arrangement created a new geopolitical environment in the caucasus region. in fact, the unique geographical conditions, ethnic- racial and religious diversity, the heritage of socialism in the cultural, political, economic and social structures, strategic position, competitions between regional and extra-regi...

one of the basic subjects in political sociology of every society is the nature of stat in that society. the states have different economical social culture and political nature. the essay studies the political nature of the state in studies the political nature of the state in iran during pahlavi period , from the view point of transition to democracy. the aim of study the political nature of ...

I provide an account of the psychological elements that combine within an actor, motivating them to vote. Political scientists have written extensively on the topic of turnout, however, no one has attempted to explain turnout based primarily on political culture. Political culture has improved our understanding of states, parties, and elections alike. This thesis uses a political culture ordina...

112 * I wish to thank the Gerda Henkel Stiftung, Germany, and Slavic Research Center at the University of Hokkaido, Japan, for financial support for the research and writing of this essay. For astute criticism and useful suggestions on its earlier draft, I am grateful to two anonymous readers of Acta Slavica Iaponica. The final version of the essay also benefited from discussions of my presenta...

Governments control media in much of the developing world. Does this have an effect on political choices of voters? We address this question using exogenous variation in the availability of the signal of the only independent from the government national TV channel in Russia during the 1999 parliamentary elections. We find that the presence of an independent source of political news on TV signif...

Guilan province is located in north of Iran. It plays an important natural, economic and strategic role in Iranian history due to its geographical location between the Caspian Sea and the Alborz Mountain. This particular characteristic of Guilan has made it one of the most important political centers in its history and in the history of its struggles against the central government of Iran. Iran...