A central feature of the tetrapod body plan is that two pairs of limbs develop at specific positions along the head-to-tail axis. However, the potential to form limbs in chick embryos is more widespread. This could have implications for understanding the basis of limb abnormalities. Here we extend the analysis to mouse embryos and examine systematically the potential of tissues in different reg...

Between days 9.5 and 10, the forelimb buds of developing murine embryos progress from stage 1 which are just beginning to express shh and whose posterior mesoderm has only weak polarizing activity to stage 2 limbs with a distinguishable shh expression domain and full polarizing activity. We find that exposure on day 9.5 to teratogens that induce the loss of posterior skeletal elements disrupts ...

The squid giant axon was placed in a shallow narrow trough and current was sent in at two electrodes in opposite sides of the trough and out at a third electrode several centimeters away. The potential difference across the membrane was measured between an inside fine capillary electrode with its tip in the axoplasm between the pair of polarizing electrodes, and an outside capillary electrode w...

Adherens junctions (AJs) in epithelial cells are constantly turning over to modulate adhesion properties under various physiological and developmental contexts, but how such AJ dynamics are regulated during the apical-basal polarization of primary epithelia remains unclear. Here, we used new and genetically validated GFP markers of Drosophila E-cadherin (DE-cadherin, hereafter referred to as DE...

Optical linear polarization measurements of association members and field stars in the region of the Puppis OB III association are presented. The association members are found to have larger values of polarization than the field stars.In the direction of the association there are two regions of polarizing interstellar medium with magnetic fields that are nearly at right angles to each other. Th...

An analysis of extended defects generated during annealing by pulsed excimer laser radiation in silicon crystals implanted with Ge ions is presented. The investigation was performed by means of two complementary methods: the interference-polarizing microscopy and the Lang X-ray transmission topography. The existence of extended defects was revealed. It has been stated that the distribution of t...

Abstract Weathering is a basic geological process that refers to the breaking down or dissolving of rocks and minerals on surface earth. However, weathering characteristics may vary among different lithologies even under similar conditions. To evaluate quantitatively compare physical chemical index alteration types rock, new concepts paleo-weathering such as absolute degree relative are propose...