Ram Air Turbines (RAT) are used for emergency on-board power generation on aircraft and associated systems. Many studies usage of RATs have shown promising results in terms using as a source generation. external podded systems utilise self-sufficient adaptation. These pods generate their own requirements instead depending the mother power. Commercial cargo planes use generating hydraulic A RAT ...

The objective of this study was to explore the joint kinetics of upper extremities during wheelchair maneuvers. A high incidence of musculoskeletal injuries has been reported due to the overuse and high repetitive motion of wrist, elbow and shoulder during wheelchair propulsion. Studies have been conducted with the use of a dynamometer or treadmill to simulate propulsion on level or inclined su...

Most prosthetic feet are designed to improve amputee gait by storing and releasing elastic energy during stance. However, how prosthetic foot stiffness influences muscle and foot function is unclear. Identifying these relationships would provide quantitative rationale for prosthetic foot prescription that may lead to improved amputee gait. The purpose of this study was to identify the influence...

Lightweight (K4) and ultra-lightweight (K5) wheelchairs are commonly used as mobility devices by pediatric manual wheelchair users. In this study, instrumented pushrims and wireless motion tracking were used to measure energy cost and shoulder flexion during manual wheelchair propulsion. Eight pediatric (age=1218 yrs) manual wheelchair users propelled a K4 and K5 wheelchair across a level tiled...

Future reusable launch vehicles will depend on new propulsion technologies to lower system operational costs while maintaining adequate performance. Recently, a number of vehicle systems utilizing rocket-based combinedcycle (RBCC) propulsion have been proposed as possible low-cost space launch solutions. Vehicles using RBCC propulsion have the potential to combine the best aspects of airbreathi...

This paper details the development of an innovative "green" hybrid rocket propulsion system, applicable to small spacecraft. When fully developed this propulsion technology has the potential to act as a "drop in" replacement for propulsion system utilizing hazardous propellants such as hydrazine. Fuel grains are manufactured using a form of additive manufacturing known as Fused Deposition Model...

Wheelchair propulsion kinetic measurements require the use of custom pushrim force/moment measuring instruments which are not currently commercially available. With the ability to measure pushrim forces and moments has come the development of several dynamic metrics derived for analyzing key aspects of wheelchair propulsion. This paper presents several of the equations used to calculate or deri...

The influence of Multi-field coupling on EMHD (electromagnetic hydrodynamics) propulsion by surface has been numerically investigated in this paper. In former studies, induced item in Lorentz force is usually ignored due to low Reynolds number or weakly conductive fluid. However, for some special environments, this influence of induced item cannot be ignored anymore. Based on navigation model, ...

INTRODUCTION Handrim wheelchair propulsion is a mechanically inefficient mode of locomotion in comparison to arm cranking and cycling (de Groot et al., 2002). In addition, wheelchair propulsion has been associated with high physical strain and repetitive strain injuries (Janssen et al., 1994). The inefficiency of wheelchair propulsion has been attributed to factors such as, improper fit of the ...

A number of studies have examined the functional roles of individual muscles during normal walking, but few studies have examined which are the primary muscles that respond to changes in external mechanical demand. Here we use a novel combination of experimental perturbations and forward dynamics simulations to determine how muscle mechanical output and contributions to body support and forward...