Background: Out-of-pocket payments for medical services may undermine access to and equity in healthcare financing. Objectives: The present study aimed determine the distribution of burden out-of-pocket among households Qazvin province, Iran. Methods: This descriptive-analytical was conducted on urban rural Iran during 2019 - 2020. Data were obtained from Statistics Center (2019 2020). optimal ...

OBJECTIVE To examine cost responsiveness and total costs associated with a simulated "value-based" insurance design for statin therapy in a Medicare population with diabetes. METHODS Four-year panels were constructed from the 1997-2005 Medicare Current Beneficiary Survey selected by self-report or claims-based diagnoses of diabetes in year 1 and use of statins in year 2 (N = 899). We computed...

in this study 100 cases of advanced periodontitis were compared with a control group of 100 persons. the parameters were the depth of the periodontal pockets, radiographic images, presence of inflammatory cells and different types of anaerobic bacteria in the pockets. the depth of pocket was measured by a sterile probe and the presence of inflammatory cells was determined through sterile curett...

it has been tried to compare the “price payment method” in iranian law with “principles of international commercial contracts” and “convention on contracts for international sale of goods vienna, 1980” in this study. different law regulations in various countries should be unified in order to extend rapid and insured trusted law relations among the nations and people all over the world because ...

BACKGROUND Since 2003, the New Cooperative Medical Scheme (NCMS) has been implemented throughout rural China, usually covering delivery services in its benefit package. The objective of this study was to compare the difference of utilization of delivery services, expenditures, and local women's perceived affordability between women with and without reimbursement from NCMS. METHODS A cross-sec...

Acupuncture is a popular but controversial treatment option for low back pain. In China, it is practised as traditional Chinese medicine; other treatment strategies for low back pain are commonly practised as Western medicine. Research on patient preference for low back-pain treatment options has been mainly conducted in Western countries and is limited to a willingness-to-pay approach. A state...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Contingent valuation is widely used to determine individuals' willingness to pay (WTP) for a health gain. Our study aimed to elicit an empirical estimate of the monetary value of a quality-adjusted life year (QALY) in a Greek outpatient setting in times of economic austerity and assess the impact of patients' characteristics on their valuations. METHODS We used a ques...

Abstract The Ghana National Health Insurance Scheme (NHIS) was established in 2003, Act, 2003 (Act 650), but later replaced with the 2012 852) to get rid of then “cash and carry” system paying for healthcare. aim scheme reduce cost healthcare provision increase access This paper investigates effect on utilization out-of-pocket payment, from providers’ perspective. study uses data seventh round ...

BACKGROUND Financial risk protection against the cost of unforeseen healthcare has gained global attention in recent years. Although Ghana implemented a nationwide health insurance scheme with a goal of reducing financial barriers to accessing healthcare and addressing impoverishing effects of out-of-pocket (OOP) healthcare payments, there is a paucity of knowledge on the extent of financial ca...