Concentrations of airborne particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter less than 10 μm (PM10) and five gaseous air pollutants (O3, CO, NO2, SO2 and H2S) were measured over a period of approximately six years (October 1999-June 2004) at five air quality monitoring network stations of King Abulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST) in Riyadh city, Saudi Arabia. The main objective of thi...

The National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) for PM in terms of PM10 are ambient air concentration limits set by the EPA that should not be exceeded. Further, some state air pollution regulatory agencies (SAPRAs) utilize the NAAQS to regulate criteria pollutants emitted by industries by applying the NAAQS as property-line concentration limits. Prior to and since the inclusion of the PM10 ...

nowadays, air pollution in cities with regard to its harmful outcomes has been turned into one of the serious challenges in urban management. pollutants as carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide, and the aerosols that are known to be among the most important factors related to heart, vascular, and lung disease, have underlined public welfare and health, and the organizations concerned with community h...

With the continuous rapid urbanization process over the last three decades, outdoors air pollution has become a progressively more serious public health hazard in China. To investigate the possible associations, lag effects and seasonal differences of urban air quality on respiratory health (allergic rhinitis) in Changchun, a city in Northeastern China, we carried out a time-series analysis of ...

LABOR: DEFINITION AND PHYSIOLOGY Labor is defined as the process by which the fetus is expelled from the uterus. More specifically, labor requires regular, effective contractions that lead to dilation and effacement of the cervix. This chapter describes the physiology and normal characteristics of term labor and delivery. The physiology of labor initiation has not been completely elucidated, bu...

BACKGROUND Consistent evidence has shown increased all-cause mortality, and mortality from broad categories of causes associated with airborne particles. Less is known about associations with specific causes of death, and modifiers of those associations. AIMS To examine these questions in 20 US cities, between 1989 and 2000. METHODS Mortality files were obtained from the National Center for...

Abstract. We present highly time-resolved (30 to 120 min) measurements of size-fractionated (PM10 and PM2.5) elements in two cities Asia (Delhi Beijing) Europe (Krakow London). For most elements, the mean concentrations PM10 PM2.5 are higher Asian (up 24 28 times, respectively) than Krakow often Delhi Beijing. Among European cities, shows elemental 20 27 London. Hourly maximum Pb Zn reach up 1 ...

JEL CLASSIFICATION C26, C99, D03, I18. PSYCINFO CLASSIFICATION 2360; 3920.