A large incomplete ostrich femur from the Lower Pleistocene of North China, kept at Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle (Paris), is described. It was found by Father Emile Licent in 1925 Nihewan Formation (dated about 1.8 Ma) Hebei Province. On basis minimum circumference shaft, a mass 300 kg, twice that modern ostrich, obtained. The bone remarkably robust, more so than recent, Late Pleistocen...

Current concerns for the future of reindeer and caribou ( Rangifer tarandus) in the far north under conditions of global warming focus on the increased energetic and predation costs associated with warmer winters and on vegetation change and increased insect harassment caused by warmer summers. At the Grotte XVI archaeological site (Dordogne, southwestern France), episodes of summer warming bet...