It is demonstrated that the removal of material or the creation or extension of cracks always reduces the total potential energy of any non-linear or linear stable elastic body under fixed load and displacement boundary conditions. A weaker statement that crack extension releases potential energy in excess of plastic dissipation is established for stable elastic-plastic bodies, with certain str...

Due to lack of the proper and well behavior of steel moment-resisting connections subjected to the great and major earthquakes, excessive researches have been conducted to mitigate the damages on the primary elements and connections. Therefore, elimination of residual drift and increasing the plastic rotation capacity for the connectors in the panel zone are required. The main purpose of this s...

 This paper is concerned with numerical simulation of plastic modes of tubular structures. The simulation incorporates with finite element limit analysis based on the upper bound method and the minimization technique. The analysis considers sequential deformation of structures with work-hardening effects. The simulation results demonstrate plastic buckling is one of the collapse modes and occu...

Smart local energy networks provide an opportunity for more penetration of distributed energy resources. However, these resources cause an extra dependency in both time and carrier domains that should be considered through a comprehensive model. Hence, this paper introduces a new concept for internal and external dependencies in Smart Multi-Energy Systems (SMES). Internal dependencies are cause...

increasing of energy demand and decreasing of water resources, could make the future energy production as a big challenge. climate change is one of the main reasons for water resources limitation. future precipitation and air temperature, change hydrological conditions and directly effect on the hydropower production. for showing the future condition and making it possible to manage the hydropo...

When searching for prey, animals should maximize energetic gain, while minimizing energy expenditure by altering their movements relative to prey availability. However, with increasing amounts of marine debris, what once may have been 'optimal' foraging strategies for top marine predators, are leading to sub-optimal diets comprised in large part of plastic. Indeed, the highly vagile Laysan alba...