Inoculation of plant pathogenic bacteria in field plots has been improved by the use of organosilicone surfactants. Factors, such as cultivars, number of applications, crop stage, plant density, concentration of bacteria, and irrigation application method (overhead spray versus drop hoses), that may affect field screening of cotton cultivars for resistance to bacterial blight caused by Xanthomo...

Waveform distortions are an important issue in distribution systems. In particular, the assessment of very wide spectra, that include also components in the 2–150 kHz range, has recently become an issue of great interest. This is due to the increasing presence of high-spectral emission devices like end-user devices and distributed generation systems. This study proposed a new sliding-window wav...

soil erosion is a main hazard in most area of the country specially in arid and semi-arid regions and itis very important because of sedimentation, pollution, increased flooding and its negative effects onsoil productivity. one of the features of arid and semi-arid areas is the presence of low cover ofvascular plants. these empty spaces are usually good niches for biological soil crusts or cryp...

in order to evaluate the effect of different levels of sowing dates and plant density on grain yield and its components in chickpea var. arman, a field study was conducted at ekbatan research field station of agricultural and natural resources research center of hamedan province under rainfed condition during 2009-2010 cropping season. treatments were arranged as split plot on the basis of rand...

aphids in unsprayed canola (brassica napus linnaeus) fields in isfahan province (central iran) were sampled for two growing seasons, 2011-2013. sampling unit was a whole plant and 20 plants were sampled weekly. in the laboratory, heat-extracting and sub-sampling techniques were used to estimate the density of aphids. to determine the relationship between population growth rate of the aphids and...

to investigate the effect of wild mustard plant density and nitrogen fertilizer on morphological characters, yield and yield components of canola a split-plot experiment based on a randomized complete block design with 3 replications was carried out in bu-ali sina university of hamedan, in 2009. 4 levels of nitrogen fertilization (100, 150, 200 and 250 kgn h-1) were assigned to main-plots and p...

an experiment was conducted at ecbatan research station in hamedan in two years (1998-99) to study the effects of planting density and methods and also seed clove size on yield of hamedan garlic. the experiment was in factorial 3 x 3x 3 in randomized complete block design with three cultivation methods, three sizes of seeds and three plant densities in three replications. the data were analized...

In this study we produced transgenic tobacco plants by overexpressing a serine proteinase inhibitor gene, SaPIN2a, from the American black nightshade Solanum americanum under the control of the CaMV 35S promoter using Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation. SaPIN2a was properly transcribed and translated as indicated by Northern blot and Western blot analyses. Functional integrity of...

The successful invasion of exotic plants is often attributed to the absence of coevolved enemies in the introduced range (i.e., the enemy release hypothesis). Nevertheless, several components of this hypothesis, including the role of generalist herbivores, remain relatively unexplored. We used repeated censuses of exclosures and paired controls to investigate the role of a generalist herbivore,...