In the present study, free radical scavenging activities of the two plants, Oroxylum indicum (L) Kurz and Quercus infectoria G. Olivier were investigated. Free radical scavenging activities of stem bark of O. indicum and insect galls of Q. infectoria were characterized by the HPLC method developed by D. Chandrashekhar, et al, 2005 using Waters 100 RP-18e column (250 mm × 4 mm, 5 μM) in which st...

The Israeli fauna of gall midges (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) associated with plants of the family Apiaceae consists of three species of Lasioptera and two species of Schizomyia that all appear to be monophagous and univoltine. Lasioptera foeniculi n. sp. and Schizomyia botellus n. sp. are described as new to science. Lasioptera carophila, Lasioptera umbelliferarum and Schizomyia buboniae are redes...

Complex defense signaling pathways, controlled by different hormones, are involved in the reaction of plants to a wide range of biotic and abiotic stress factors. We studied the ability of salicylic acid, jasmonate (JA), and ethylene (ET) to induce systemic defense in rice (Oryza sativa) against the root knot nematode Meloidogyne graminicola. Exogenous ET (ethephon) and JA (methyl jasmonate) su...

Root-knot nematodes (RKNs; Meloidogyne spp.) induce feeding cells (giant cells; GCs) inside a pseudo-organ (gall) from still unknown root cells. Understanding GCs ontogeny is essential to the basic knowledge of RKN-plant interaction and to discover novel and effective control strategies. Hence, we report for the first time in a model plant, Arabidopsis, molecular, and cellular features concerni...

Crown gall, caused by Agrobacterium tumefaciens (syn. Rhizobium radiobacter), is characterized gall formation on crowns, stems or roots many plant species. We describe the occurrence of this disease for first time cannabis (Cannabis sativa L. marijuana) plants in two licenced production facilities British Columbia. Galls were observed and several genotypes, including ‘White Rhino’, ‘Pink Kush’ ...

ficus benjamina commonly known as the weeping fig or benjamin's fig, is a species of moraceae, native to south and southeast asia and australia. it is a topiary tree reaching 15 metres in height in natural conditions. ficus benjamina is planted as a potted plant and as an ornamental shrub in gardens in mazandaran and elsewhere in the country. stem and crown gall symptoms were observed on f...

Psidium myrtoides (Myrtaceae) shelters the gall inducer Nothotrioza myrtoidis gen. et sp. n. (Hemiptera: Psylloidea) which is described and illustrated here. Nothotrioza belongs to the family Triozidae and is probably most closely related to Neolithus, a monotypic Neotropical genus associated with Sapiun (Euphorbiaceae). Three species are recognized within Nothotrioza: the type species N. myrto...

The vast majority of braconid wasps are parasitoids of other insects. Although a few cases of pure phytophagy (primary gall production and seed predation) are known, no previous entomophytophagous species (i.e. ones that display entomophagy and phytophagy sequentially), has been discovered among braconids. We describe the detailed biology and specialized larval morphology for the first confirme...

Twenty four diverse cultivars of soybean (Glycine max [L.] Merrill) and three lines of its annual wild progenitor Glycine soja Sieb and Zucc. were tested for their response to Agrobacterium strains harboring either the Ti (tumor-inducing) plasmid (pTi) from Agrobacterium tumefaciens or the Ri (root-inducing) plasmid (pRi) from Agrobacterium rhizogenes following uniform wounding and inoculation....

A new gall wasp species, Dryocosmus zhuili Liu et Zhu, is herein described from the southeastern Fujian province of China. The new species induces galls on trees of Henry's chestnut, Castanea henryi, which is also a native host for the notorious Oriental chestnut gall wasp (OCGW, Dryocosmus kuriphilus Yasumatsu). D. zhuili overlaps with OCGW in emergence time and induces galls morphologically s...