The urgent need for major gains in industrial crops productivity and in biofuel production from bioenergy grasses have reinforced attention on understanding C4 photosynthesis. Systems biology studies of C4 model plants may reveal important features of C4 metabolism. Here we chose foxtail millet (Setaria italica), as a C4 model plant and developed protocols to perform systems biology studies. As...

The brain is programmed to drive behaviour by precisely wiring the appropriate neuronal circuits. Wiring and rewiring of neuronal circuits largely depends on the orchestrated changes in the strengths of synaptic contacts. Here, we review how the rules of synaptic plasticity change during development of the brain, from birth to independence. We focus on the changes that occur at the postsynaptic...

Developmental biology research has used various avian species as model organisms for studying morphogenesis, with the chick embryo being used by the majority of groups. The focus on the chick embryo led Hamburger and Hamilton to develop their definitive staging series nearly 60 years ago and this series is still the mainstay of all laboratories working with avian embryos. The focus on the chick...

Background: The vegetable leafminer, Liriomyza sativae (Blanchard) is a serious pest of and ornamental crops in the whole Vietnam. Previous studies indicate that biology leafminers depends on host plant. objective this study was to understand performance L. kidney bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) pak choi (Brassica rapa var. chinensis). Methods: experiment carried out at Laboratory Entomology, Facu...

Much is known about the acquisition of phonological competence and lexical categories, but there has been substantially less research into word meaning development. In an attempt to contribute to this debate, a group of 24 children aged 4-11 were asked to define a set of words, as were a group of 12 adult controls. The stimuli included both concrete and abstract words, in particular words exhib...

The cultivation of vegetables in greenhouses is characterised by high planting density and environmental conditions that favour the development pests diseases. These are mainly controlled using plant protection products applied with a hand-held sprayer. This inefficient low-tech equipment difficult to calibrate. study evaluates one spray gun two lances widely used greenhouse vegetable crops. te...

Rice (Oryza sativa) leaf angle is determined by lamina joint and is an important agricultural trait determining leaf erectness and, hence, the photosynthesis efficiency and grain yield. Genetic studies reveal a complex regulatory network of lamina joint development; however, the morphological changes, cytological transitions, and underlying transcriptional programming remain to be elucidated. A...