Stem cells possess the ability of self-renewal and differentiation into specific cell types. Therefore, stem cells have great potentials in fundamental biology studies and clinical applications. The most urgent desire for stem cell research is to generate appropriate artificial stem cell culture system, which can mimic the dynamic complexity and precise regulation of the in vivo biochemical and...

Plants or plant cells in vitro, show physiological and morphological response to microbial, physical or chemical factors which are known as ‘elicitors’. Elicitation is a process of induced or enhanced synthesis of secondary metabolites by the plants to ensure their survival persistence and competitiveness. The application of elicitors, which is currently the focus of research, has been consider...

Objective Articular cartilage as an avascular skeletal tissue possesses limited capacity to heal. On the other hand, it is believed that the regeneration capacity of each tissue is largely related to its stem cell contents. Little is known about the presence of mesenchymal stem cells in articular cartilage tissue. This subject is investigated in the present study. Materials and Methods Artic...

The optimization of cell culture conditions for growth and productivity of recombinant Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells is a critical step in biopharmaceutical manufacturing. In the present study, the effects of the timing and amount of peptone feeding of a recombinant CHO cell line grown in a basal medium in serum-free suspension culture were determined for eight peptones of different origin ...

Background: Activation of bone morphogenetic protein 4 (BMP4) signaling pathway in embryonic stem (ES) cells plays an important role in controlling cell proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis. Adverse effects of BMP4 occur in a time dependent manner; however, little is known about the effect of different time exposure of this growth factor on cell number in culture media. In this study, ...

aflatoxins are toxic compounds which are produced by aspergillus flavus and a. parasiticus. these toxins can be transmitted into the animal body via contaminated feed. when these toxins enter the animal body, they can penetrate into different tissues. one of the most important tissues which can be influenced by aflatoxin is the mammary gland. milk protein is one the most important factors in de...

The anaerobic fungus Neocallimastix sp. strain R1 was grown for up to 5 days on a medium containing autoclaved Italian ryegrass hay as the carbon source. Culture supernatants and digested cell walls were harvested at 12-h intervals. Supernatants were analyzed for the fermentation products formate and acetate, and residual cell walls were analyzed for dry-matter and neutral-sugar losses. Fungal ...

Nitrogen plays a pivotal role in growth and differentiation of cells of Phyllanthus amarus Schum. and Thonn. Both form and amount of nitrogen in nutrient medium have significant effects on the rate of cell growth and differentiation. In this study, effects of different inorganic nutrients (KNO3 and NH4NO3) and organic nutrients (glycine) on regeneration of P. amarus were evaluated. Murashige an...