The unexpected change in user equipment (UE) velocity is recognized as the primary explanation for poor handover quality. In order to resolve this issue, while limiting ping-pong (PP) events we carefully and dynamically optimized handover parameters for each UE unit according to its velocity and the coverage area of the access point (AP). In order to recognize any variations in velocity, we app...

Pyruvate, phosphate dikinase from Bacteroides symbiosus catalyzes the conversion of pyruvate, ATP, and Pi to Penolpyruvate, AMP, and PP,. Initial velocity studies by both the forward and reverse reactions in which the three substrates were varied in a constant ratio were found to be in accord with a Tri Uni Uni Ping Pong mechanism. The reaction involves three partial reactions which were invest...

We consider the convergence of the multistage linear parallel interference cancellation (LPIC) multiuser detector in a synchronous CDMA system. Specifically we study and characterize the commonly observed ping-pong effect, where the probability of error oscillates and can even be greater than one-half.

Plant xyloglucan endotransglycosylase (XET, EC 2.4.1.207) degrades its substrate by a transglycosylation mechanism while endo-cleaving xyloglucan (XG) molecules at their beta-1,4-linked polyglucosyl main chain and transferring the newly generated reducing chain ends to hydroxyls at C-4 of non-reducing glucosyl ends of the main chains of other XG molecules or of low-Mr XG-fragments (OS). Kinetic...

Understanding the kinetic mechanism of enzyme inactivation by suicide substrate is relevance for optimal design new drugs with pharmacological and therapeutic applications. Suicide usually occurs via a two-step mechanism, although there are enzymes such as peroxidase catalase in which H2O2 happens single step. The approximate solution ordinary differential equation (ODE) system one step kinetic...