The aim of this paper is to demonstrate how integrated resource planning (IRP) oriented to the gas sector can be applied both in new networks and in mature networks, and to present the advantages of its application. One case study is described, in the western central region of Portugal, to illustrate the results of a pilot project on natural gas IRP implementation in a new network in the Europe...

Several different carbon-capture technologies have been proposed for use in the cement industry. This paper reviews their attributes, the progress that has been made toward their commercialization, and the major challenges facing their retrofitting to existing cement plants. A technology readiness level (TRL) scale for carbon capture in the cement industry is developed. For application at cemen...

Planar Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (SOFC) manufacturing can be considered in the pilot plant stage with efforts driving towards large volume manufacturing. The science of the solid oxide fuel cell is advancing rapidly to expand the knowledge base and use of material combinations and layer forming methods for the unit cell. Few of the many processing methods, > 15, reported in literature for layer for...

The FibreEtOH concept was developed to tackle major challenges in the production of ethanol from lignocellulosics. The two feedstocks, waste fibre fractionated from solid recovered fuel, and pulp and paper mill fibre sludge, provide all-year-round supply of biomass with high hexose content (44e56%) and acceptable ash content (13e14%). They can be liquefied and hydrolysed by enzymes rapidly with...

Results are presented from the ongoing international study, namely Chernobyl Pilot Site Project, aimed at characterization and modeling of process controlling Sr releases from the shallow trench at Chernobyl NPP site containing nuclear fuel particles and subsequent radionuclide transport in the underlying eolian and alluvial sand aquifer. Microscopic analyses of fuel particles separated from wa...

Interest in renewable energy sources has increased in recent years due to environmental concerns about global warming and air pollution, reduced costs and improved efficiency of technologies. Under the European Union (EU) energy directive, biomass is a suitable renewable source. The aim of this study was to experimentally quantify and characterize the emission of particulate matter (PM2.5) resu...

This study examines the effects on combustion, engine performance and exhaust pollutant emissions of a modern Euro 6, dual-loop EGR, compression ignition running regular EN590-compliant diesel hydrotreated vegetable oil (HVO). First, potential HVO as “drop-in” fuel, i.e., without changes to original, baseline diesel-oriented calibration, was highlighted compared results. showed how use can redu...

OBJECTIVE To explore associations between household food security and home gardening, use of soya and pressure cooker ownership in low-income households affected by HIV/AIDS in Aurangabad, India. DESIGN Cross-sectional pilot study which assessed household food security using the validated US Department of Agriculture's food security core-module questionnaire. Questions were added to explore h...

Entrained flow gasification of biomass using the cyclone principle has been proposed in combination with a gas engine as a method for combined heat and power production in small to medium scale (<20 MW). This type of gasifier also has the potential to operate using ash rich fuels since the reactor temperature is lower than the ash melting temperature and the ash can be separated after being col...

The history of fluidized bed technology dates back 60 years. Gasification of pulverized coal in the Winkler process during the 1920's marked the beginning of fluidized bed application. Consider­ ,able work done during World War II by U.S. oil companies to improve the catalytic cracking of kerosene led to the development of the Fluid Catalytic Cracking process. Fluidized bed technology later exp...