The Cramér-Rao bound (CRB), a well-known lower on the performance of any unbiased parameter estimator, has been used to study wide variety problems. However, obtain CRB, requires an analytical expression for likelihood measurements given parameters, or equivalently precise and explicit statistical model data. In many applications, such is not available. Instead, this work introduces novel appro...

Vaccine-elicited cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) recognizing conserved fragments of a pathogen's proteome could greatly impact infectious diseases and cancers. Enabling this potential are recent advances in mass spectrometry that identify specific target peptides among the myriad HLA-bound peptides on altered cells. Ultrasensitivity of these physical detection methods allows for the direct assess...

The dielectric properties of molecular layers of water bound to solid surfaces or to macromolecules are substantially different than those of free water. Consequently, determination of moisture content from dielectric properties of porous mixtures, such as soils and rocks having moderate to substantial surface area and cereal grains, is affected by the amount and energy state of bound water. We...

[Purpose] This study explored the roles of physical therapists (PTs) in introducing assistive products, which are essential for living securely and stably at home, and examined how PTs can fulfill these roles more efficiently and effectively. [Subjects and Methods] A questionnaire on introducing assistive products was administered to PTs working at randomly selected hospitals, health-care facil...

The quantum estimation is a problem to estimate the physical state of a quantum system, whose framework is made by Helstrom [3]. In this problem, the true value of the parameter of a prepared physical system is estimated. A goodness of an estimator is defined and we can evaluate the goodness of estimators. For example, an estimator might be better if the mean is closer to the true value of the ...

The approximate analytical solutions of the Dirac equations with the reflectionless-type and Rosen-Morse potentials including the spin-orbit centrifugal (pseudo-centrifugal) term are obtained. Under the conditions of spin and pseudospin (pspin) symmetry concept, we obtain the bound state energy spectra and the corresponding two-component upperand lower-spinors of the two Dirac particles by mean...

In order to determine the mechanisms involved in the persistence of extracellular DNA in soils and to monitor whether bacterial transformation could occur in such an environment, we developed artificial models composed of plasmid DNA adsorbed on clay particles. We determined that clay-bound DNA submitted to an increasing range of nuclease concentrations was physically protected. The protection ...

Through language, we are able to assign symbolic analyses to linguistic entities physical objects and events whose complexity has no intrinsic upper bound. Such symbolic analyses are abstract, since a single physical entity can support distinct analyses. Yet we have partial intuitive access to the properties of these analyses through their projections in different 'dimensions', including the wi...

A pseudo-Hermitian square-well model “with spin” is proposed, solved and discussed. The domain of parameters is determined where all the bound-state energies remain real and where the necessary transition from the original elementary non-physical indefinite pseudo-metric to another, more involved but correct positive-definite physical metric is possible. PACS 03.65.Ge 03.65.Ca 03.65.Ta 02.60.Lj...