various scaling methods such as relative viscosity, peclet and reynolds scaling were used to find the best scaling law. scaling and modeling of the flow curves of various model emulsions consist of tragacanth gum (tg) (0.5, 1 % wt), oleic acid (5, 10% v/v) and wpi (2, 4 % wt) were investigated and the best models were selected. as these emulsions are non-newtonian, they do not obey the usual, si...

‎In the present study‎, ‎we consider a regular curve in Galilean‎ ‎$4$-space $mathbb{G}_{4}$ whose position vector is written as a‎ ‎linear combination of its Frenet vectors‎. ‎We characterize such‎ ‎curves in terms of their curvature functions‎. ‎Further‎, ‎we obtain‎ ‎some results of rectifying‎, ‎constant ratio‎, ‎$T$-constant and‎ ‎$N$-constant curves in $mathbb{G}_{4}$‎.

The intermittent nature of the sunlight and its increasing contribution to electricity generation is fostering the energy storage research. Direct solar charging of an auspicious type of redox flow battery could make solar energy directly and efficiently dispatchable. The first solar aqueous alkaline redox flow battery using low cost and environmentally safe materials is demonstrated. The elect...

Single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) have highly desirable attributes for solution-processable thin-film photovoltaics (TFPVs), such as broadband absorption, high carrier mobility, and environmental stability. However, previous TFPVs incorporating photoactive SWCNTs have utilized architectures that have limited current, voltage, and ultimately power conversion efficiency (PCE). Here, we repo...

We use an ultra-fast near-infrared pulse coincidence technique to study the time, temperature, and power dependence of the photoresponse of a bi-metal contacted graphene photodetector. We observe two components of the photovoltage signal. One component is gate-voltage dependent, linear in power at room temperature and sub-linear at low temperature-consistent with the hot-electron photothermoele...

Photoelectrochemical cells (PECs), composed of different epitaxial n-Si photoanodes coated with evaporated metal film of Ni, Pt, Ni/Pt and immersed in solution with redox couple Br2 /Br or Fe(NC)g~7Fe(CN)£~ were investigated. The open circuit photovoltage and short circuit current density of these PECs under optimum conditions by illuminating with a bromine-tungsten lamp (65 mW/cm), are 0.494 V...

An organic photovoltaic cell was fabricated, with the configuration ITO/zinc phthalocyanine (ZnPc)/N,N0-diheptyl-3,4,9,10perylenebiscarboximide (PTCDI-C7) (PTCDI)/Ga:In. PTCDI is a liquid crystal and acts as an electron acceptor organic material while ZnPc corresponds to a donor. The cell performance under illumination was examined with different organic layer thickness. A cell incorporating 25...

Arrays of B-doped p-Si microwires, diffusion-doped with P to form a radial n(+) emitter and subsequently coated with a 1.5-nm-thick discontinuous film of evaporated Pt, were used as photocathodes for H(2) evolution from water. These electrodes yielded thermodynamically based energy-conversion efficiencies >5% under 1 sun solar simulation, despite absorbing less than 50% of the above-band-gap in...

Global convergence results are derived for well-known conjugate gradient methods in which the line search step is replaced by a step whose length is determined by a formula. The results include the following cases: 1. The Fletcher-Reeves method, the Hestenes-Stiefel method, and the Dai-Yuan method applied to a strongly convex LC objective function; 2. The Polak-Ribière method and the Conjugate ...

perfused organs to examine sugar catabolism and metabolism, Holmes underscores the relationship between the laboratory elucidation of a significant intermediate compound like acetone and the clinical knowledge of ketone body production in diabetes. But, he concludes, the early-twentieth-century integrative optimism evaporated, to be re-formulated in the 1930s with the announcement of the "Embde...