Organelle-targeted photosensitization represents a promising approach in photodynamic therapy where the design of the active photosensitizer (PS) is very crucial. In this work, we developed a macromolecular PS with multiple copies of mitochondria-targeting groups and ruthenium complexes that displays highest phototoxicity toward several cancerous cell lines. In particular, enhanced anticancer a...

In this work, a near-infrared CCD-based singlet oxygen luminescence two-dimensional imaging method is proposed to detect singlet oxygen by its 1270nm luminescence. Two-dimensional singlet oxygen images with its near-infrared luminescence during photosensitization could be obtained with a CCD integration time of 1s, without scanning. The data presented shows a linear relationship between the sin...

Photochemical processes in planetary atmospheres are strongly influenced by catalytic effects of minor constituents. Catalytic cycles in the atmospheres of Earth and Venus are closely related. For example, chlorine oxides (CIOx) act as catalysts in the two atmospheres. On Earth, they serve to convert odd oxygen (atomic oxygen and ozone) to molecular oxygen. On Venus they have a similar effect, ...

Photodynamic therapy is treatment modality involving the administration of photosensitizing compound, which selectively accumulates in the hyperproliferative target cells followed by local irradiation with visible light of lesion. Eventually target tissue will be damaged by necrosis and apoptosis. Action of treatment is described from absorption of light till damage of tissue. Several rationale...

The optical properties (absorption and fluorescence) of fluorescein sodium were investigated with changing the bulk pH value in aqueous, water-methanol mixed and dodecylammonium propionate reversed micellar solutions. A strong buffer action was found in the reversed micellar solutions. The pK a values for the equilibrium between fluorescein monoand di-anions in the ground and excited singlet st...

Heterophyllaea pustulata (Rubiaceae) a South American genus, is a phototoxic shrub that grows in the Andean mountain range of the northwest of Argentina. Animals that ingest the aerial parts of this plant suffer a typical primary photosensitization reaction, clinically revealed by dermatitis and blindness in severe cases. The chemical investigation of H. pustulata established the presence of se...

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a novel approach in the treatment of carcinomas of the gastrointestinal tract. This review defines PDT, discusses means of photosensitization and considers the mechanisms by which PDT causes cell death of the target tissue while at the same time avoid damage to normal tissues. Additional considerations include the time of PDT application, activation of the photosen...

Several cationic porphyrins are known to bind to DNA by intercalative and outside binding modes. This study identifies the cis and trans isomers of bis(N-methyl-4-phridiniumyl)diphenyl porphyrin as DNA intercalators based on evidence from a DNA topoisomerase I assay. Moreover, both isomers are shown to be potent photosensitizers of DNA, inducing multiple S1 nuclease sensitive breaks in the phos...

Thiosquaraine dyes have sulfur atoms instead of oxygens on the central squaraine core, and they are powerful singlet oxygen photosensitizers. Stability studies show that they are susceptible to attack by nucleophiles. This problem was circumvented by preparing a mechanically interlocked thiosquaraine rotaxane. NMR studies of the rotaxane indicate an unusual dynamic molecular structure due to a ...

1,4-Diamino-substituted anthraquinone antitumor agents (mitoxantrone and ametantrone) and structurally related 1,5- and 1,8-diamino-substituted compounds (AM1 and AM2) were tested for their ability to photosensitize human leukemic cells in culture. Viability was measured using the 3,4,5-dimethylthiazol-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide assay, and DNA and membrane damage were assessed. Following ...