Time, space, scale and movement are essential aspects of visual data production. Significant changes in cities’ flows can transpire just a few minutes, hours or days, span several years even decades. A diachronic study an urban environment could therefore concentrate on the repetitive patterns many activities phenomena that occur during day focus transformations over much more extended periods ...

In maxillofacial surgery, digital photographic documentation plays a crucial role in clinical routine. This paper gives an overview of the evolution from analog to digital in photography and highlights the integration of digital photography into daily medical routine. The digital workflow is described and we show that image quality is improved by systematic use of photographic equipment and pos...

Because various parts of an object are different distances from an observer, and light takes a finite time to reach the observer, the appearance of a relativistically moving object will be very different from that given by the Lorentz contraction. We derive equations that can be applied to a photographic image so that the Lorentz contraction can still be observed. We also give equations that qu...

Photographic observations of the boiling phenomena have played an important role in gaining insight into the boiling mechanism. This paper presents a brief historical review of the available literature on the photographic studies in pool and flow boiling. This is followed by the results of the photographic studies conducted in the author’s laboratory on liquid droplets impinging on a heated sur...

The traditional photographic process has been guided by a relatively fixed workflow: capture, develop, and print. With the advent of digital photography, however, the photographic print has largely become a relic of the past. Yet modern digital photography continues to focus on creating a single, final still image suitable for printing. This implicit association between a display pixel and a st...

Obtaining a high quality nucleic acid or protein gel may be an easier and less daunting task than labeling the gel for publication. Techniques for adding information and identifiers to gels range from laboriously applying lettering or labels on gel photographs to computerized approaches that work directly with digitized gel images and produce photographic-quality output. The computerized approa...

PURPOSE To investigate the use of ganglion cell inner plexiform layer (GC-IPL) thickness, as measured by spectral domain optical coherence tomography, to detect central visual field (VF) progression. METHODS This study included 384 eyes from 384 patients (219 preperimetric and 165 perimetric glaucomatous eyes; average follow-up, 4.3 years). Photographic assessment of retinal nerve fiber layer...

Background Digital photogrammetry provides measurements of body angles or distances which allow for quantitative posture assessment with or without the use of external markers. It is becoming an increasingly popular tool for the assessment of the musculoskeletal system. The aim of this paper is to present a structured method for the analysis of posture and its changes using a standardized digit...

OBJECTIVE To investigate the reliability and construct validity of an atlas for grading hand osteoarthritis (OA) on photographs in a separate younger community-dwelling population than the development cohort. METHODS Participants were community-dwelling adults (ages ≥50 years) in North Staffordshire, UK with hand pain or hand problems in the last year who attended a research clinic. High-qual...