BACKGROUND Activation of phospholipase D (PLD) is an important but poorly understood component of receptor-mediated signal transduction responses and regulated secretion. We recently reported the cloning of the human gene encoding PLD1; this enzyme has low basal activity and is activated by protein kinase C and the small GTP-binding proteins, ADP-ribosylation factor (ARF), Rho, Rac and Cdc42. B...

Many critical cellular processes, including proliferation, vesicle trafficking, and secretion, are regulated by both phospholipase D (PLD) and the actin microfilament system. Stimulation of human PLD1 results in its association with the detergent-insoluble actin cytoskeleton, but the molecular mechanisms and functional consequences of PLD-actin interactions remain incompletely defined. Biochemi...

Formation of coatomer-coated vesicles from Golgi-enriched membranes requires the activation of a small GTP-binding protein, ADP ribosylation factor (ARF). ARF is also an efficacious activator of phospholipase D (PLD), an activity that is relatively abundant on Golgi-enriched membranes. It has been proposed that ARF, which is recruited onto membranes from cytosolic pools, acts directly to promot...

The organization of microtubule arrays in the plant cell cortex involves interactions with the plasma membrane, presumably through protein bridges. We have used immunochemistry and monoclonal antibody 6G5 against a candidate bridge protein, a 90-kD tubulin binding protein (p90) from tobacco BY-2 membranes, to characterize the protein and isolate the corresponding gene. Screening an Arabidopsis ...

The identity of G proteins mediating CCK-stimulated phospholipase D (PLD) activity was determined in intestinal smooth muscle cells. CCK-8 activated G(q/11), G(13), and G(12), and the monomeric G proteins Ras-homology protein (RhoA) and ADP ribosylation factor (ARF). Activation of RhoA, but not ARF, was mediated by G(13) and inhibited by Galpha(13) antibody. CCK-stimulated PLD activity was part...

PrPSc is formed from a normal glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored prion protein (PrPC) by a posttranslational modification. Most GPI-anchored proteins have been shown to be cleaved by GPI phospholipases. Recently, GPI-phospholipase D (GPI-PLD) was shown to be a strictly specific enzyme for GPI anchors. To investigate the involvement of GPI-PLD in the processes of neurodegeneration in pr...

Phenylalkanols such as tyrosol and hydroxytyrosol (h-tyrosol), which possess antioxidant and anticancer properties, were phosphatidylated by phospholipase D (PLD)-catalyzed transphosphatidylation. After a 24-hour reaction of phosphatidylcholine (PC) and tyrosol with PLD, a new product was detected by TLC and identified to phosphatidyl-tyrosol by high-resolution MS and NMR analyses. The optimum ...

Sulphur and nitrogen catabolic repressions are regulations that have long been recognized in fungi, but whose molecular bases remain largely elusive. This paper shows that catabolic repression of a protease-encoding gene correlates with the modulation of a phosphatidylethanolamine (PE)-specific phospholipase D (PLD) activity in the pathogenic fungus Botrytis cinerea. Our results first demonstra...

Oxidation of LDL is an important factor in the development of atherosclerosis. However, the mechanisms by which oxidized LDL exerts its atherogenic actions are poorly understood. In the present work, we show that oxidized LDL stimulates phospholipase D (PLD) activity in mouse peritoneal macrophages and that this effect increases with the degree of LDL oxidation. Oxidative modification of LDL re...

Phospholipase D (PLD) in plants plays an important role growth, development, and stress response. The effect of hexanal on PLD banana fruit responding to Colletotrichum musae infection remains poorly understood. In this study, four putative genes, named as MaPLD1, MaPLD2, MaPLD3, MaPLD4 were identified from fruit. MaPLDs can be classified into three the seven known families according sequence c...