Sir, Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is a protozoan disease present in Old and New Worlds (1, 2). It is endemic in the Mediterranian basin, particularly in the rural areas of Sicily where almost 60% of Italian cases occur. The disease is caused by parasites of the genus Leishmania infantum, carried by specific species of sandflies as Phlebotomus perniciosus and Phlebotomus perfiliewi perfiliewi (3...

results upon the results from literature search, the researchers found that human is the main reservoir for this virus. there are four serotypes of virus. infection with one serotype cannot protect human against the other three serotypes. dengue fever begins suddenly with an onset of an influenza-like syndrome and sometimes progresses to severe form of the disease. treatment is supportive and i...

Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) was observed in children in Bakool region, Somalia, an area where VL has not been reported before. We describe the extent of the problem in this war- and famine-stricken area. A retrospective analysis was done of all cases admitted to a VL treatment centre between July 2000 and August 2001. Patients with longstanding fever, splenomegaly and a positive direct agglutin...

A large-scale entomological survey was carried out in summer 2016 in the Czech Republic and Slovakia. It revealed, for the first time, the presence of the phlebotomine sand fly Phlebotomus (Transphlebotomus) mascittii Grassi, 1908 (Diptera: Phlebotominae) in south-western Slovakia. Species identification of a captured female was confirmed by both morphological and sequencing (COI) analyses.

Animal models are often used to study hematophagous insect feeding behavior and evaluate products such as topical repellents. However, when these models are used the study animals often experience significant drops in core body temperature because of the effects of anesthesia. This study used a guinea pig model to investigate whether maintaining a normothermic core body temperature during anest...

BACKGROUND Cutaneous leishmaniasis due to Leishmania major has become a hot topic in Iran. The objective of this study was to determine some ecological aspects of sand flies in the study area. METHODS Sand flies were collected biweekly from indoors and outdoors fixed places in the selected villages, using 30 sticky paper traps from the beginning to the end of the active season of 2006 in Kerm...