Excessive melanin formation has been linked to various skin disorders such as hyperpigmentation and cancer. Tyrosinase is the most prominent target for inhibitors of production. In this study, we investigated whether arbutin its prodrug, undecylenic acid ester, might inhibit phenoloxidase (PO), a tyrosinase-like enzyme. Molecular docking simulation results suggested that ester can bind substrat...

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Crustacean phenoloxidase (PO) and hemocyanin (Hc) are classified as type 3 copper proteins. PO catalyzes the oxidation of mono- di-phenol compounds, which is rate-limiting step melanization, while Hc generally functions a dioxygen-transporting protein in hemolymph arthropods. To date, many studies have shown activity Hc, inspired by their structural similarity. Here, source crustaceans was re-e...

Nutrients can greatly affect host immune defenses against infection. Possessing a simple system, insects have been widely used as models to address the relationships between nutrition and immunity. The effects of high versus low protein-to-carbohydrate ratio (P:C) diets on insect responses vary in different studies. To reveal dietary manipulation polyphagous agricultural pest oriental armyworm,...