OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effect of oral decontamination on the incidence of ventilator associated pneumonia and mortality in mechanically ventilated adults. DESIGN Systematic review and meta-analysis. DATA SOURCES Medline, Embase, CINAHL, the Cochrane Library, trials registers, reference lists, conference proceedings, and investigators in the specialty. REVIEW METHODS Two independent rev...

For over half a century, psychologists have been struck by how poor people are at expressing their internal sensations, impressions, and evaluations via rating scales. When individuals make judgments, they are incapable of using an absolute rating scale, and instead rely on reference points from recent experience. This relativity of judgment limits the usefulness of responses provided by indivi...

Nine publically available biosafety protocols for safely handling conotoxin peptides were tested to evaluate their decontamination efficacy. Circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy and mass spectrometry (MS) were used to assess the effect of each chemical treatment on the secondary and primary structure of α-CTx MII (L10V, E11A). Of the nine decontamination methods tested, treatment with 1% (m/v) ...

Due to the advantages of Artificial Neural Network (ANN) for analyzing complex reaction system, the oxidation process of phenol in a pulsed discharge plasma system is simulated using an ANN model. Reaction factors including solution with pH values of 3.6, 5.4 and 9.8, and hydroxyl radicals (·OH) scavengers (Na2CO3 and n-butyl alcohol) are considered, and the changing trends of phenol degradatio...

This study presents the first evidence for the accelerated degradation of phenol by Fenton's reagent in a mini-fluidic VUV/UV photoreaction system (MVPS). A low-pressure mercury lamp used in the MVPS led to a complete degradation of phenol within 4-6 min. The HO˙ and HO2˙ originating from both Fenton's reagent and VUV photolysis of water were identified with suitable radical scavengers. The eff...

We studied the effects of regional epicardial application of phenol on autonomic neural control of electrophysiological characteristics of the anterior left ventricle. In eight open-chest dogs, we applied a thin line of 88% phenol on the perimeter encircling a multipolar electrode and measured the effective refractory period (ERP) and recorded electrograms in phenol-encircled and untreated area...

Evaluation of Levulinic Acid for Topical Decontamination of Meat Surfaces

The efficacy of seashells as a new adsorbent for removal of phenol from aqueous solutions was studied by performing batch equilibrium tests under different operating parameters such as solution pH, adsorbent dose, initial phenol concentration, and temperature. The phenol removal efficiency remained unaffected when the initial pH of the phenol solution was in the range of 3–8. The amount of phen...

The capability of cells of the fungus Aspergillus awamori, either free or immobilized in hybrid sol-gel material cells, for phenol biodegradation was demonstrated. Phenol was present in the reaction mixture as the sole carbon and energy source, and its decomposition was followed in repeated batch degradation experiments. Atomic force microscopy provided information on the development of self-or...