background: phenol and its derivatives like dinitrophenol and pentachlorophenol (carbolic acid) are widely used as insecticides, but they are very toxic substances. phenol is a general protoplasmic poison with corrosive local effects that denature proteins. poisoning with phenol compounds may occur by ingestion, inhalation, and absorption through skin. in this report we presented the toxicity e...

phenol and its homologues are aromatics containing hydroxyl, methyl, amide and sulphonic groups attached to the benzene ring. these molecules are both anthropogenic and xenobiotics. phenols are environmental pollutants discharged through wastewaters from various industries. phenols are toxic to several biochemical reactions. however biological transformation of phenols to non-toxic entities exi...

Ralstonia eutropha strain E2 (previously Alcaligenes sp.) is a phenol-degrading bacterium expressing phenol-oxygenating activity with a low Ks (the apparent half-saturation constant in Haldane's equation) and an extremely high KSI (the apparent inhibition constant). To identify the molecular basis for these novel cellular kinetic properties, a 9.5 kb DNA fragment that allowed Pseudomonas aerugi...

Phenol is a ubiquitous organic contaminant in drinking water. Biodegradation plays an important role in the elimination of phenol pollution in the environment, but the information about phenol removal by drinking water biofilters is still lacking. Herein, we study an acclimated bacterial community that can degrade over 80% of 300 mg/L phenol within 3 days. PCR detection of genotypes involved in...

Bacterial degradation of organic pollutants in soil has been studied extensively but little is known about the availability and degradation of pollutants by bacterial resident on leaf surfaces. Here, we examined availability and degradation of phenol on leaves by introduced cells of a known phenol degrader and by natural microbial communities. Phenol-responsive gfp-expressing Pseudomonas fluore...

A simple experimental set-up was used to study the treatability aspect of phenolic wastewater. Three types of systems: i) activated sludge (A.S), ii) granular activated carbon (A.C) and iii) activated sludge plus activated carbon (A.S + A.C) were experimented under different phenol loadings (100, 200 and 300 mg/l) and different flow rates (21.6 and 43.2 l/d) with initial COD concentration 500 m...