In this paper we study the phase sensitivity of generic linear interferometric schemes using Gaussian resources and measurements. Our formalism is based on Fisher information. This allows us to separate contributions measurement scheme, experimental imperfections, auxiliary systems. We demonstrate strength a broad class multimode states that includes well-known results from single- two-mode met...

We present methods that introduce concepts from Rosenbluth sampling [M. N. Rosenbluth and A. W. Rosenbluth, J. Chem. Phys. 23, 356 (1955)] into the Jarzynski nonequilibrium work (NEW) free-energy calculation technique [C. Jarzynski, Phys. Rev. Lett. 78, 2690 (1997)]. The proposed hybrid modifies the way steps are taken in the NEW process. With it, each step is selected from a range of alternati...

We experimentally demonstrate an efficient electro-optic sampling scheme based on Cherenkov phase matching of broadband terahertz radiation with 800-nm femtosecond probe beam in a 0.5 mm-thick LiNbO3 crystal coupled to a Si prism. The electro-optic signal from a Cherenkov-phase-matched LiNbO3 crystal is found to be comparable to that with a 4 mm-thick ZnTe crystal using a collinear phase matchi...

Random sampling from discrete populations is one of the basic primitives in statistical computing. This article briefly introduces weighted and unweighted sampling with and without replacement. The case of weighted sampling without replacement appears to be most difficult to implement efficiently, which might be one reason why the R implementation performs slowly for large problem sizes. This p...

Suppose that the conditional density of a response variable given a vector of explanatory variables is parametrically modelled, and that data are collected by a two-phase sampling design. First, a simple random sample is drawn from the population. The stratum membership in a finite number of strata of the response and explanatory variables is recorded for each unit. Second, a subsample is drawn...