The use of a phase plate in electron microscopy has shown renewed interest, triggered by a publication on this topic in 2001 by Danev and Nagayama [1]. This interest can be understood from the fact that many samples that are studied in TEM are weak phase objects. The use of a phase plate is the obvious method of choice to convert otherwise invisible phase modulations into visible amplitude modu...

We report an improved self-homodyne detection scheme for differential phase-shift-keying that achieves close to homodyne performance and effectively reduces the influence of nonlinear phase noise, resulting in a 1.3dB sensitivity improvement over self-homodyne detection.

Background In a system of two immiscible liquids, usually water (or an aqueous solution) and an organic liquid (e.g. an oil), there are two general types of dispersions which can be formed depending on the conditions of the system. A water-in-oil (W/O) dispersion is a dispersion formed when the aqueous phase is dispersed in the organic phase and an oil-in-water (O/W) dispersion is a dispersion ...

An observer based variable sampling period phase locked loop is introduced for grid connected systems. The composite observer acts as an efficient estimator of the fundamental components from a periodic input signal rich in DC and harmonics. The observer gains are designed using pole placement technique, which inherently ensures the stability of this estimator. Even under drift frequency, a con...

The PLL equivalent augmented system incorporated with state feedback is proposed in this paper. The optimal value of filter time constant of loop filter in the phase-locked loop control system and the optimal state feedback gain designed by using linear quadratic regulator approach are derived. This approach allows the PLL control system to employ the large value of the phasefrequency gain d K ...