Industrial renewal in the bio/nanopharma sector is important for the long term strength of the Australian economy and for the health of its citizens. A variety of factors, however, may have caused inadequate attention to focus on systematically promoting domestic generic and small biotechnology manufacturers in Australian health policy. Despite recent clarifications of 'springboarding' capacity...

The impact of The Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS) on the growth and technological capabilities of the Indian pharmaceutical industry and indeed the pharmaceutical industry of other emerging countries has emerged as a critical issue in the quest for affordable healthcare for poor populations. Evidence suggests that the initial response of the Indian pha...

Being reformed under NAFTA negotiations and in compliance with the TRIPs Argreement (Trade Related Intellectual Property Rights) when Mexico joined the World Trade Organization, patent protection for pharmaceuticals in this country has been strictly strengthened since 1991 with the new Industrial Property Law. The aim of this paper is to make a first brief evaluation of the effects carried unti...

Plants gums are complex mixtures of different polysaccharides with a variety of biological activities and pharmaceutical applications. Few studies have focused on physicochemical and biological properties of gums obtained from different plants. This study was designed to determine potential pharmaceutical and pharmacological values of the gum exudates and its isolated biopolymers obtained from ...

The unexpected enhancement of alkalinee phosphatase (ALP) activity in the serum of a group of STZ-diabetic rats recieving the Teucrium polium extract (with hypoglycaemic property) may be attributed to its probable side effects. In order to get a more precise knowledge about this subject, we evaluated the effect of T. polium extract on the plasma membrane ALP activity of K562 cell line. Our data...

Surface layer as the outer protective coverage of bacteria and archaea are two-dimensional crystalline and symmetrical arrays of proteins that recently attract a lot of attention for biologist scientists. The surface layers of bacteria are usually 5 to 10 nm in diameter and represent highly porous protein lattices with uniform size and morphology with the pore sizes of 2 to 8 nm. The crucial an...

Haptoglobin (Hp) is a mammalian serum glycoprotein showing a genetic polymorphism with three types, 1-1, 2-2 and 1-2. Hp appears to conserve the recycling of heme-iron by forming an essentially irreversible but non-covalent complex with hemoglobin which is released into the plasma by erythrocyte lysis. As an important consequence, Haptoglobin-Hemoglobin complex (Hp-Hb) shows considerable antiox...

Conventional transdermal drug delivery systems (TDDS) have been designed for drug delivery through the skin. These systems use the permeability property of stratum corneum, the outermost surface layer of the skin. Applying polymeric micro and nanofibers in drug delivery has recently attracted great attention and the electrospinning technique is the preferred method for polymeric micro-nanofiber...

Haptoglobin (Hp) is a mammalian serum glycoprotein showing a genetic polymorphism with three types, 1-1, 2-2 and 1-2. Hp appears to conserve the recycling of heme-iron by forming an essentially irreversible but non-covalent complex with hemoglobin which is released into the plasma by erythrocyte lysis. As an important consequence, Haptoglobin-Hemoglobin complex (Hp-Hb) shows considerable antiox...

Over the past two decades, the role of intellectual property rights in all areas of science and technology has exploded globally– primarily due to the rules prescribed by the World Trade Organization’s TRIPS and by bilateral/regional trade agreements. The TRIPS agreement obligates all WTO member countries to adopt and enforce minimum standards of intellectual property rights. The TRIPS agreemen...