although the subject-matter of cargo and ship mortgage are similar (providing financial security for creditors),the regulations of these contracts, differ from each other essentially  with regard to the conditionality of taking possession in  concluding the contract, the possibility of  endorsement and cession in mortgage document, the creditor s kind of real right ,the  preference of prior or ...

Prioritisation of cases and resources as a means of rationing the limited legal aid budget has recently become a feature of access to justice in the UK. This article explores the utility of devising proxy models of ‘legal need’ as a means of enabling the rational and equitable planning of legal services in these circumstances. Different conceptual and methodological approaches are considered, h...

We provide (1) an overview of various present and future applications smart contracts across industries including real estate, finance, healthcare (2) assessment the efficacy as a means replacing or supplementing traditional contracts. Disclosed in this paper are potential risks downsides, legal considerations when using to replace supplement Aspects blockchain technologies can be applied contr...

Orchestrating Web services has become the method of choice for building new services on top of existing ones. One area of interest for this technology is business processes. Languages and methods have been developed and are now getting widely used, BPEL being the typical instance. When exposing the profile of a Web service, Quality of Service (QoS) must be specified. Besides security aspects, Q...

Smart Contract Templates support legally-enforceable smart contracts, using operational parameters to connect legal agreements to standardised code. In this paper, we explore the design landscape of potential formats for storage and transmission of smart legal agreements. We identify essential requirements and describe a number of key design options, from which we envisage future development of...

In an industry characterised by secret vertical contracts, we consider a benchmark case where two vertical chains exist, with two upstream manufacturers selling to two downstream retailers, and show that the equilibrium prices are independent of whether upstream or downstream ̄rms have all the bargaining power. We then analyse two alternative mergers, and show that a downstream merger (which gi...

the most accurate contracts may also be involved in ambiguity, and interpretation is trying to understand the legal concept. insurance contract are counted as accession contracts in which the insured has no thorough understanding of the terms. because of parties inequality in insurance contracts, they fall into a different category from the interpretation perspective and demand protective inter...

Nowadays, competitive market creates the necessity of quality improvement in different levels of supply chains (SCs). This paper contributes to the SC coordination literature and proposes a bilateral coordination contract for optimizing pricing decisions along with quality improvement decisions in different echelons of a real case of a cell phone SC. The SC comprises a manufacturer who deals wi...

International investment contracts usually involve stabilization clauses that are prevalently used in infrastructure, telecommunication, and energy sectors, especially the oil gas extraction industries. In petroleum industry, foreign investors providing advanced technology substantial financial capital for development often face political risks developing countries such as expropriation of pipe...