2. Referenced Documents 2.1 ASTM Standards: D1318 Test Method for Sodium in Residual Fuel Oil (Flame Photometric Method) D3237 Test Method for Lead in Gasoline by Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy D3340 Test Method for Lithium and Sodium in Lubricating Greases by Flame Photometer D3605 Test Method for Trace Metals in Gas Turbine Fuels by Atomic Absorption and Flame Emission Spectroscopy D3831 Test...

To understand partitioning of produced water (PW) constituents using thermal desalination, PW from the Delaware Basin was desalinated a crystallization process and modeled OLI Systems, Inc. (OLI, Parsippany, NJ, USA) chemistry software. The incorporation pretreatment step, steam stripping, prior to desalination predicted be effective at removing hydrocarbons (across range volatilities). As expe...

Water-in-oil mixtures were grouped into four states or classes: stable, mesostable, unstable, and entrained water. Of these, only stable and mesostable states can be characterized as emulsions. These states were established according to lifetime, visual appearance, complex modulus, and differences in viscosity. Water content at formation was not an important factor. Water-in-oil emulsions made ...